Unit #3 Flashcards
how many kidney we have and etc
2 kidney
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 URETHRA
unitary system
organ of excretion
composed of kidney & urinary tracts
kidney function
filter blood to remove metabolic waste (urine )
regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
regulate ph
influence blood
releasing hormone (EPO)
INFLUENCE BLOOD PRESSURE
vitamin D (calcitriol > help absorb CALCIUM)
3 EXTERNAL LAYER
renal capsul -cover exterior of each kidney
Adipose capsul-protect from trauma (injury )
RENAL FACIA- anchor kidney to periotoneum and musculature of posterior body wall ( hold kidney in place )
HILUM
where veins artery nerve enter & exit
ureters are found ?
on posterior body wall
urinary bladder found ?
pelvic cavity ( urine is stored ) there
kidney are
restroperitoneal
afterent
happen first
efferent
happen 2
kidney cointains
2 arterioles
2 capillary bed
GLOMERULUS step
afferent carry blood vessel to GLOMERULUS
EFFERENT TAKE IT AWAY
PERITUBULAR CAPILARIES
DRAIN IT TO RENAL VEIN
nephron is made of
renal corpuscles
renal tubules
renal corpuscle is made of
glomerulus capsule
capsular space
3 internal region
outermost renal cortex
middle - renal medulla
innermost renal pelvis
glomerular capsule layer
outer parietal & inner visceral layer
renal tubule made of
proximal tube
nephron loop
distal loop
collecting duct
macula densa
senses fluid salt concentration
type of nephrons
cortical nephons most common short loop
JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHONs - least common dip in medulla long loop
secreation
blood to tibule
reabsorbtion
tibule to blood
fenestrated capillary filter
nitrogenous waste
urea and ammonium ( from protein metabolism)
creatine
utic acid
kidney filter in how much
1min
make about 2 LITTER A DAY
primary control GFR
sns
if GFR DECREASE IT LEAD TO
renal failure
Facultative water reabsorption
water is reasorb based on body need
aldosterone is from
adrenal cortex
increase reabsorption of sodium
secretion increase POTASSIUM INTO FILTRATE
REDUCE URINE
ADH
hypothalamus
and secrete by posterior pituitary gland
water REABSORPTION
REDUCE URINE
ANP
excretion of sodium
(lower sodium )
inhibit Aldosterone and ADH
proximal tubule
secrete hydrogen ion
most reasorbtion happen
kidney conserve water by
realase ADH
COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLIER
create a and maintain osmotic pressure by exchanging material and opposite direction between filtrate and fluid
countercurrent multiplier
urine PH
4.5 -8.0
dilute vs concentrated
1.001 very dilute 1.035 vey concentrated
layers of ureters
adventitia-most superficial layer with fiber connective tissue
muscularis - middle layer with smooth muscle that is peristalsis move urine into bladder
mucosa-deepest layer mucous membrane of transitional epithelium
layers of the urinary bladder
adventitia-most superficial with areola connective tissue
destructor muscle - middle layer squeeze bladder -found internal urethra sprinter
Found at opening urethra
Mucosa- innermost layer made of transitional epithelium
male has
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra
female have
urethra clitoris
urichrome
breakdown of hemoglobin
micturition
Urinary discharge of urine from your bladder to outside of body
micturition reflex
reflect by PSN when urinary fills bladder and stresses well is sent signals to brain
micturition center
found in ponds
voluntary process
urine ph range
4.5 -8.0
