Unit 3 Flashcards
How do bonds hold toms together in metallic bonding?
The force of attraction between positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons holds the atoms together
Why can metals conduct electricity
They can conduct electricity becuase they have electrons which are free to move
Electrolyte
Electricallly conduction solutions containing ions
Ores
Naturally occurring metal compounds found in rocks
Electrolysis
Decomposition of an ionic compound into its element using electricity
Why would D.C. power supply be used
So that the products at each electrode can be identified
What’s the purpose of an ion bridge
To allow ions to flow and complete circuit
What is the industrial process used to produce ammonia
The Haber Process
Name 3 essential elements required for healthy plant growth
- nitrogen
- potassium
- phosphorus
Why must fertilisers be soluble in water
So they can be absorbed by root of plants
Polymers
Long chain molecules formed by joining together a large molecule of small molecules called monomers
Monomers
Molecules used to make a much larger molecule.
Addition polymerisation
Name given to a chemical reaction in which unsaturated monomers are joined, forming a polymer.
Most accurate way to measure volumes
- pipettes
- burette
What is ammonia
An important compounds used to produce soluble, nitrogen containing salts that can be used as fertilisers
What is meant by a base
A substance that neutralises an acid
Oxidation
reaction in which a reactant loses electrons
Reduction
Reaction in which a reactant gains electrons
Redox
Reaction where oxidation takes place at the same time as reduction
What are Alpha particles made of
Consists of two protons and two neutrons nd carry a double positive charge
What is alpha particles range
They have a range of only a few centimetres in air and are stopped by a peice of paper
What will alpha particles made be attracted towards
Wil be attracted towards a negatively charged plate
Ammonia
Pungent, clear, colourless gas which dissolves in water to produce an alkaline solution
What’s re beta particles made from
They are electrons ejected from the nucleus of an atom
What do beta particle have a range of
Able to travel over a metre in air but can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminium
What are beta particles attracted to
Attracted towards a positively charged plate
Concordant
Titre volumes within 0.2cm3
Extraction of metals
Metal ions are reduced forming metal atoms
Fertilisers
Substances which restore elements essential for healthy plant growth
What are Gamma rays made of
Electromagnetic waves emitted from within the nucleus of an atom
What do Gamma rays have a range of
Able to travel great distances in air. Can be stopped by barriers made of materials such as lead or concrete
What are Gamma rays not deflected by
An electric field
Haber process
Used to produce the ammonia required for fertilisers production
Ion bridge
An ‘ion bridge’ (salt bridge) can be
used to link the half-cells. Ions can
move across the bridge to complete an
electrical circuit
Metallic Bonding
Electrostatic force of attraction
between positively charged ions and
delocalised electrons
Ostwald Process
Uses ammonia, oxygen and water to
produce nitric acid. A platinum catalyst
is used in this process.
Precipitation reaction
Reaction of two solutions to form an
insoluble salt called a precipitate
Redox Reaction
Both reduction and oxidation take place at the same time
Repeating Unit
The shortest section of polymer chain
which, if repeated, would yield the
complete polymer chain (except for the
end-groups).
Standard solutions
Solutions of accurately known
concentration are known as standard
solutions.
Titration
A technique used to determine, accurately, the volumes of solution required to reach the end-point of a chemical reaction.
