Unit 3 Flashcards
Muscle cell, DNA, etc
When arm is straightened:
Tricep - contracted
Bicep - relaxed
When arm is bent:
Tricep - relaxed
bicep: strightened
Ligament…
joins bones to bones (Arm)
Tendon…
joins muscle to muscle
Cartilage…
soft cushion like part of the arm that protects joints
DMD
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
DMD causes…
… people to lack of muscle movement, only live for 30 years, and there is no cure
Muscle cell is made of 3 long protein fibers…
Myosin, actin, dystrophin
Myosin:_______
(sticks on cell base)
Actin:________
provides protein (straws)
Dystrophin:________
Connected to actin and cell membrane. Structural protein that supports actin (to be a healthy muscle cell)
Myosin and Actin ________
produces/contractile protein by causing muscle movement
Cell membrane:_______
Protection of cell
Myosin heads:_________
moves actin filaments inwards
(They can detach when they have ATP)
What happens to the membrane when one has DMD?
Dystrophin disconnects with actin and cell membrane, causing it cell to get easily damaged, actin filaments move out of alignment, and tear/rip cell membrane
Nucleotide is
building block of DNA(like legos)
part molecule in nucleus (center of a cell) and cytoplasm (liquid that fills inside a cell)
Nucleotide has
phosphate, 5 sided sugar (deoxyribose sugar) and nitrogen base
Transcription: _______
making RNA copies of genes (happens in cell neucleous)
Base ‘T’ changes to __due to RNA
U
Translation: ______
synthesizing protein, making protein
Ribosome:_____
Protein factory in cytoplasm
mRNA vs DNA
1) mRNA is single-stranded and DNA is double-stranded
2) RNA does not have ‘T’ as its nitrogen base like DNA. Instead, they contain ‘U’
3) RNA uses different sugar molecules than DNA. DNA uses Deoxyribose, while RNA uses ribose.
Each single amino acid is coded for __ nitrogen bases
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