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Engineering EA > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four type of motion

A

Linear, Rotary, Oscillatory and reciprocal

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2
Q

what is linear motion

A

Linear motion is motion in a straight line

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3
Q

Examples of linear motion

A

car bike drones

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4
Q

What is rotary motion

A

Motion which is in a continuous circular path is in rotary motion

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5
Q

Examples of Rotary motion

A

Fidget spinners, fans

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6
Q

What is Oscillatory Motion

A

The repeated motion in which an object repeats the same movement over and over

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7
Q

Examples of Oscillatory Motion

A

simple pendulum, movement of a point on a wheel, movement in a spring, vibrating strings on a instrument

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8
Q

what is reciprocal motion

A

Reciprocating motion is the repetitive back and forth, or up and down linear motion

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9
Q

Examples of reciprocal motion

A

pumps and gears

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10
Q

What is the Mechanical advantage and its formula

A

A measure of the force amplification achieved by using a toll, mechanical device, or machine system.

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11
Q

What is the velocity ratio and its formula

A

The ratio of the distance moved by the point of application of the effort to the distance moved by the load in a simple machine

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12
Q

What is efficiency and its formula

A

Defined as working in a well-organised and competent way; maximum productivity with minimal expenditure of effort.

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13
Q

What are levers

A

Rigid bodies capable of rotating on a point themselves to amplify an input force to provide a greater output force, which is said to provide leverage.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of a fulcrum on a lever

A

Levers have a fulcrum (which is the pivot point) which can be used to determine the size of the effort required or the load which may be lifted.

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15
Q

what will the sum of the moments around the fulcrum equal?

A

zero

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16
Q

formula for the mechanical advantage of a lever (law of levers)

A
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17
Q

what is the first order lever

A

The fulcrum is between the effort and the load.

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18
Q

What is the second order lever

A

The load is between the effort and the fulcrum.

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19
Q

What is the third order lever

A

The effort between the load and the fulcrum.

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20
Q

Definition of Machines

A

Defined as apparatus that transmit or modify forces or motion.

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21
Q

Fill in the blanks:

All machines have an ___ side and an ___ side. The force exerted on the machine on the _____ side is known as the _______. The resistance to be overcome, or the force on the _____ side of the machine is called the ____

A

All machines have an INPUT side and an OUTPUT side. The force exerted on the machine on the INPUT side is known as the EFFORT. The resistance to be overcome, or the force on the _____ side of the machine is called the LOAD.

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22
Q

Examples of basic machines

A

Bicycles, car Jacks and crow bars

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23
Q

recognise what a crowbar is

A

first order lever

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24
Q

describe what a crowbar is

A

an iron or steel bar that is usually wedges shaped at the working end to use as a pry or lever

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25
Q

Purpose of a crowbar

A

To break apart concrete, pry apart wooden planks, to wedge under an object to move of lift it.

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26
Q

recognise what a bike is

A

It is a simple machine made up of several mechanisms including; wheels (axis, spoke, rim and tire), gears, gear chain, framework, crank shaft, bearings, pedals and brakes

27
Q

describe a bike

A

It is a small, human powers land vehicle with a seat, two wheels, two pedals, and a metal chain connected to cogs in the pedals and rear wheels. A frame gives the bike strength and structure, and the other parts are attached to it

28
Q

purpose of a bike

A

transportation, fitness and fun

29
Q

recognise what a car jack is

A

a car jack is a simple machine used as a lifting device to lift heavy loafs or to apply great forces.

30
Q

describe a car jack

A

is a tool that allows someone to lift a car off the ground to make repairs or change a tire.

31
Q

what is the purpose of a car jack

A

for lifting a car to do work underneath it.

32
Q

how to calculate the velocity ratio of incline planes and wedges (formula)

A
33
Q

how to determine the efficiency of an inline plane?

A
34
Q

what is the relationship of MA on an incline plane?

A

The MA is the relationship between the length of the slope and the height of the incline plane while considering the efficiency of the system.

35
Q

formula for MA of an 100% efficient system (incline plane)

A
36
Q

what is a screw?

A

A screw is a simple machine that works as a modified inclined plane

37
Q

what is the formula for the velocity ratio for a screw?

A
38
Q

what is the formula for the efficiency of a screw? rearrange it to find the formula for MA?

A
39
Q

what is a gear

A

Gears are mechanisms that mesh together via teeth and are used to transmit rotary motion from one shaft to another.

40
Q

what is the root radius

A

the distance from the centre of the gear to the base of the teeth.

41
Q

what is the pitch radius

A

the distance from the centre of the gear to the outside of the teeth

42
Q

formulas for gear ratios (velocity ratio)
- rotational speed
- teeth/diameter

A
43
Q

what is the MA for a gear and its formula?

A

Mechanical advantage describes how much work can be done based on the input.

44
Q

what are the three types of gears

A

worm
rack and pinion
spur

45
Q

What is a spur gear?

A

Type of cylindrical gear, with shafts that are parallel and teeth that are straight and orientated parallel to the shafts.

Simplest and most common type of gear.

46
Q

what are worm gears?

A

Worm gears are constructed of a worm and a gear, with non-parallel, non-intersecting shafts orientated at 90 degrees to each other.

47
Q

what is a rack and pinion gear?

A

A rack and pinion gear is a type of linear acuter that comprises of a circular gear (pinion) engaging with a linear gear (rack), which operates to translate rotational motion into linear motion.

48
Q

what is a pulley system and the two components that make it up

A

A pulley mechanism consists of a wheel and strong assembly and is designed for lifting heavier loads through comparatively lower magnitudes of effort.

Two Components: A fixed wheel and the string

49
Q

what is a first order pulley

A

A first order pulley system is a system made up of two or more pulleys, at least on is fixed and one is moving.

50
Q

describe the unique attribute of a pulley ratio and its formula?

A

Each time a moving pulley is added the velocity ratio is multiplied by 2.

51
Q

what is a second order pulley system

A

Pulley system that consists of pulleys which are aligned vertically with only one rope

52
Q

what is the velocity ratio for a second order pulley

A

For a 2nd order pulley the tension can be found by considering the number of ropes involved in the effort.

53
Q

what is linear motion?

A

Linear motion can generally be described as a change in the position of an object.

54
Q

what is linear displacement?

A

Linear displacement (s) of an object is a measure of its change of position along the path of its motion with respect to a fixed point.

55
Q

what is linear motion?

A

Motion is a change in the position of an object which occurs in time.

56
Q

what is linear velocity?

A

Linear velocity (v) is the time rate of change in the position of an object.

57
Q

what is friction?

A

A force which opposes motion or impending motion.

58
Q

Describe a bike and its purpose?

A

A compound machine which rotary input into pedals provides a mechanical advantage at the crank. A chain drive is then used to turn a larger back wheel. A bicycle is used as a mode of transport

59
Q

what are the two types of friction?

A

static and kinetic

60
Q

Describe a carjack and its purpose?

A

Rotary motion input into a hand provides a mechanical advantage at the fulcrum. This rotary input is then converted into linear motion directed upwards. A car Jack is often used for lifting a car to change a wheel.

61
Q

Describe a crowbar and its purpose?

A

First class lever, which, depending on hand placement provides a mechanical advantage. A crowbar is often use to apply an upwards force to objects nailed to the ground such as floorboards.

62
Q

how can the angle of incline be determine for crates and blocks moving down an incline?

A

Can determine the angle of incline that will cause motion (coefficient of static friction) or cease motion (coefficient of kinetic friction).

63
Q

how can the force of a crate being pulled by a rope be found?

A

For scenarios of crates and blocks being pulled we can use tan^(-1)⁡〖(μ_s)〗 to quickly know the angle of the rope relative to the sliding surface that requires the least force (P).

64
Q

what is impending motion?

A

Impending motion is when a body is on the verge of sliding motion, up or down a plane. (the coefficient of static friction is used).

Engineering EA (2 decks)

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