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NAT5 PHYSICS > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which way does light refract when passing from air to glass?

A

TOWARDS the normal (r<i)

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2
Q

Which way does light refract when passing from glass to air?

A

AWAY from the normal (r>i)

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3
Q

How does a LONGITUDINAL wave move?

A

In longitudinal waves, the particles vibrate in the same direction as the direction travel.

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4
Q

How does a TRANSVERSE wave move?

A

In transverse waves, the particles vibrate in right angles to the direction travel.

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5
Q

When will you see circular waves in diffraction?

A

When the gap that the waves pass through is smaller than the actual wavelength of the waves.

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6
Q

Name all waves in the Electromagnetic Spectrum.

A

Radio & TV
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible Light
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma Rays

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7
Q

Give an example of an application for every wave type in the EM spectrum.

A

Radio & TV - Used for broadcasting
Microwaves - Radar technology
Infrared - Used for TV remotes
Visible Light - Makes things visible
UV - Suntan lamps
X-ray - Medical Imaging
Gamma Rays - To kill cancer cells

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8
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

Angle of Incidence (i) = Angle of Reflection (r)

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9
Q

What is the principle of reversibility?

A

Light always travels in a straight line. If the direction of the ray of light is reversed, it will follow the same path, but in the opposite direction.

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10
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave.

A

Sound Waves

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11
Q

Give an example of a transverse wave.

A

Electromagnetic spectrum.

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12
Q

What is diffraction?

A

Diffraction is where a wave bends into the shadow region when passing an obstacle.

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13
Q

What is refraction?

A

Refraction is the change in speed of light when it passes from one medium to another. This results in a change in wavelength.

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14
Q

What do you call the part of a wave between the axis and crest/trough?

A

Amplitude

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15
Q

Define amplitude.

A

The distance between the trough/crest and the axis.

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16
Q

What is the crest?

A

The highest point of a wave.

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17
Q

What is the trough?

A

The lowest point of a wave.

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18
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

How many times a wave passes a point within a second.

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19
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave?

A

The distance between 2 troughs/crests

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20
Q

What is the wave speed of a wave?

A

How far a wave travels in a second.

21
Q

What is the period? (T)

A

The time taken for a wave to pass a point.

22
Q

What is the formula for period?

A

Time taken / Number of events

23
Q

Which wave in the EM spectrum has the largest wavelength?

A

Radio & TV waves

24
Q

Which wave in the EM spectrum has the smallest wavelength?

A

Gamma rays

25
Q

Which wave in the EM spectrum has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma rays

26
Q

Which wave in the EM spectrum has the lowest frequency?

A

Radio & TV waves

27
Q

What does MICRO mean?

A

10^-6

28
Q

What does MILLI mean?

A

10^-3

29
Q

What does KILO mean?

A

10^3

30
Q

What does MEGA mean?

A

10^6

31
Q

What does GIGA mean?

A

10^9

32
Q

What quantity is speed?

A

Scalar — Direction is not important

33
Q

What quantity is velocity?

A

Vector — Direction is important

34
Q

What quantity is weight?

A

Vector — It has a magnitude and direction

35
Q

What is a magnitude?

A

Magnitude is how much there is of something, or how large something is, but not which direction it moves in.

36
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity which has both a magnitude and direction.

37
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

A quantity which has a magnitude, but no direction

38
Q

What is the formula for calculating average speed?

A

Average Speed = total Distance/total Time

39
Q

What is the formula for calculating instantaneous speed?

A

Instantaneous Speed = Very small Distance / Very short Time

40
Q

What is the formula to calculate power rating?

A

P = IV

P = E/t

41
Q

When would the formula for gravitational potential energy be used?

A

When something is subjected to gravity (ie. when a mass is being lifted)

42
Q

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

A

E = mgh
———
E = Gravitational Potential Energy (J)
g = Gravitational Field Strength (Nkg-1)
h = Height (m)

43
Q

When a satellite orbits a planet, what stays constant?

A

The horizontal speed of the satellite

44
Q

Does a satellite move when orbiting a planet?

A

No (don’t ask why)

45
Q

Is a satellite weightless when orbiting a planet?

A

No.

46
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3x10^8

47
Q

What is distance?

A

Distance (d) is the total length of the path traveled by an object, regardless of direction.

  • It is a scalar quantity (has only magnitude)
  • Unit: Meters (m).
  • Always positive and never decreases.
48
Q

What is displacement?

A

Displacement (S) is the shortest straight-line distance from the starting position to the final position, with a specific direction.

  • It is a vector quantity (has both magnitude and direction).
  • Unit: Meters (m).
  • Can be positive, negative, or zero depending on direction.

NAT5 PHYSICS (3 decks)

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