Unit 3 Flashcards
What is the term for the amount of time it takes to kill all microbes at a specified temperature?
Thermal death time
How do acids work as microbial control agents?
pH disruption denatures enzymes
What is the danger in using Ethylene oxide as a chemiclave for sterilization of large rooms and their contents?
It is carcinogenic & explosive
What quality do surfactants have that allow them to disrupt membranes?
They are amphipathic
Which type of radiation is able to better penetrate substances but is also more dangerous?
Ionizing radiation
Which method is effective at sterilizing when applied properly?
Autoclave, incineration, filtration
Why is 70% alcohol more effective than 95% alcohol at controlling microbes?
Water helps with coagulating proteins
True or False: Hydrogen peroxide can be used to sterilize under certain conditions, such as when vaporized.
True
Which of the following are examples of halogens used as microbial control agents?
Bleach
What is the correct term for the complete elimination of all microbes, including endospores?
Sterilization
When antibiotics are used and the survivors from the normal microbiota overgrow and take over, what is this called?
Superinfection
Which of the following drugs affect bacterial protein production by targeting ribosomes?
Tetracycline
Which of the following medications would be used to treat a yeast infection?
Miconazole
Which of the following is a fluoroquinolone?
Ciproflaxin
True or False: Intrinsic Resistance refers to the fact that organisms who produce an antimicrobial drug themselves must be inherently resistant to that drug.
True
Which of the following drugs is used to treat viral infections?
Acyclovir
Which of the following antimicrobials is used to treat malaria?
Chloroquine
Which of the following drugs targets the bacterial cell membrane?
Polymyxins
Which of the following medications does not target the cell wall?
Trimethoprim
Which of the following are benefits of a fever?
Increased cell metabolism
What is the function of lysozyme?
Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan
What is the term for the mechanism by which WBCs migrate into tissues from the blood vessels?
Diepidesis
What is the term that refers to all white blood cells in the blood?
Leukocytes
Which of the following choices is categorized as a granulocyte?
Basophil
Lymphocytes are a type of granulocyte.
False
What does the acronym ‘PAMP’ stand for?
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern
Lymphocytes are a type of granulocyte.
False
Plasma is the term for the fluid portion of whole
True
What is the purpose of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System?
connects cells and tissues and maintains a phagocyte population
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 pathways of complement activation?
Phagocytic
Which type of blood can someone with AB blood receive?
A, O, AB, B
What is the term for Type1 sensitivities that are localized to a specific area on the body?
Atopic
Which blood type is the universal donor, the type that all blood types can receive?
O
What is the term for a systemic allergic reaction?
Anaphylaxis
Which type of graft would a younger-sister-to-older-sister graft donation be?
Allograft
True or False: AIDS is an example of a Primary Immunodeficiency.
False
What does the ‘Hygiene Hypothesis’ suggest?
modern society is so clean that we aren’t exposed to enough microbes to keep allergies under control
What is the risk of a mother who is Rh- having a second Rh+ baby?
Hemolytic disease
What type of immune response is responsible for Type-4 hypersensitivities?
T-cell
Which test can be used to determine certain bacterial identities based on antibiotic susceptibility?
Kirby Bauer Assay
What is phage typing?
phages will kill any bacteria present in a patient
Any media that changes colors as a result of metabolic processes of an organism is known as:
Differential
Which immunological test involves something akin to gel electrophoresis, but with proteins, and uses a special filter paper to test antibody-antigen interaction?
Western Blot
Tests that are based on organisms’ metabolic differences as determined by color change are known as:
Biochemical
Which of the following is a highly specific and sensitive immunological confirmatory test?
Elisa
Tests that are based on organisms’ metabolic differences as determined by color change are known as:
Biochemical tests
What are direct immunological tests looking for in the patient?
Presence of the antigen
What are indirect immunological tests looking for in the patient?
Presence of antibody
viral antigen is presented by a cell on its MHC-I. What kind of cellular response would be expected in response to this presentation?
CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell response
What is the term for when antibodies or complement help phagocytes eat pathogens by acting like molecular handles?
Opsonization
Where in the body do all lymphocytes start out?
Bone marrow
What is the term for the portion of the antibody where the variable region is found?
Fab
A _____ is an antigen that is too small for the immune cells to be activated and therefore needs help from a carrier.
Hapten
What type of MHC do CD4+ Th1 cells interact with?
MHC II
What are the two compounds that Cytotoxic T-cells release to kill target infected cells?
Granzymes and perforins
What type of antibody is made first in the initial primary response?
lgm
Where do T-cells mature?
Thymus
What is the term for the antigens that are too small to illicit an immune response and require the help of a carrier?
Haptens
