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Introduction To Microbiology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the term for the amount of time it takes to kill all microbes at a specified temperature?

A

Thermal death time

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2
Q

How do acids work as microbial control agents?

A

pH disruption denatures enzymes

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3
Q

What is the danger in using Ethylene oxide as a chemiclave for sterilization of large rooms and their contents?

A

It is carcinogenic & explosive

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4
Q

What quality do surfactants have that allow them to disrupt membranes?

A

They are amphipathic

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5
Q

Which type of radiation is able to better penetrate substances but is also more dangerous?

A

Ionizing radiation

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6
Q

Which method is effective at sterilizing when applied properly?

A

Autoclave, incineration, filtration

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7
Q

Why is 70% alcohol more effective than 95% alcohol at controlling microbes?

A

Water helps with coagulating proteins

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8
Q

True or False: Hydrogen peroxide can be used to sterilize under certain conditions, such as when vaporized.

A

True

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9
Q

Which of the following are examples of halogens used as microbial control agents?

A

Bleach

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10
Q

What is the correct term for the complete elimination of all microbes, including endospores?

A

Sterilization

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11
Q

When antibiotics are used and the survivors from the normal microbiota overgrow and take over, what is this called?

A

Superinfection

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12
Q

Which of the following drugs affect bacterial protein production by targeting ribosomes?

A

Tetracycline

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13
Q

Which of the following medications would be used to treat a yeast infection?

A

Miconazole

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14
Q

Which of the following is a fluoroquinolone?

A

Ciproflaxin

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15
Q

True or False: Intrinsic Resistance refers to the fact that organisms who produce an antimicrobial drug themselves must be inherently resistant to that drug.

A

True

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16
Q

Which of the following drugs is used to treat viral infections?

A

Acyclovir

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17
Q

Which of the following antimicrobials is used to treat malaria?

A

Chloroquine

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18
Q

Which of the following drugs targets the bacterial cell membrane?

A

Polymyxins

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19
Q

Which of the following medications does not target the cell wall?

A

Trimethoprim

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20
Q

Which of the following are benefits of a fever?

A

Increased cell metabolism

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21
Q

What is the function of lysozyme?

A

Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan

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22
Q

What is the term for the mechanism by which WBCs migrate into tissues from the blood vessels?

A

Diepidesis

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23
Q

What is the term that refers to all white blood cells in the blood?

A

Leukocytes

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24
Q

Which of the following choices is categorized as a granulocyte?

A

Basophil

25
Q

Lymphocytes are a type of granulocyte.

A

False

26
Q

What does the acronym ‘PAMP’ stand for?

A

Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

27
Q

Lymphocytes are a type of granulocyte.

A

False

28
Q

Plasma is the term for the fluid portion of whole

A

True

29
Q

What is the purpose of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System?

A

connects cells and tissues and maintains a phagocyte population

30
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 pathways of complement activation?

A

Phagocytic

31
Q

Which type of blood can someone with AB blood receive?

A

A, O, AB, B

32
Q

What is the term for Type1 sensitivities that are localized to a specific area on the body?

A

Atopic

33
Q

Which blood type is the universal donor, the type that all blood types can receive?

A

O

34
Q

What is the term for a systemic allergic reaction?

A

Anaphylaxis

35
Q

Which type of graft would a younger-sister-to-older-sister graft donation be?

A

Allograft

36
Q

True or False: AIDS is an example of a Primary Immunodeficiency.

A

False

37
Q

What does the ‘Hygiene Hypothesis’ suggest?

A

modern society is so clean that we aren’t exposed to enough microbes to keep allergies under control

38
Q

What is the risk of a mother who is Rh- having a second Rh+ baby?

A

Hemolytic disease

39
Q

What type of immune response is responsible for Type-4 hypersensitivities?

A

T-cell

40
Q

Which test can be used to determine certain bacterial identities based on antibiotic susceptibility?

A

Kirby Bauer Assay

41
Q

What is phage typing?

A

phages will kill any bacteria present in a patient

42
Q

Any media that changes colors as a result of metabolic processes of an organism is known as:

A

Differential

43
Q

Which immunological test involves something akin to gel electrophoresis, but with proteins, and uses a special filter paper to test antibody-antigen interaction?

A

Western Blot

44
Q

Tests that are based on organisms’ metabolic differences as determined by color change are known as:

A

Biochemical

45
Q

Which of the following is a highly specific and sensitive immunological confirmatory test?

A

Elisa

46
Q

Tests that are based on organisms’ metabolic differences as determined by color change are known as:

A

Biochemical tests

47
Q

What are direct immunological tests looking for in the patient?

A

Presence of the antigen

48
Q

What are indirect immunological tests looking for in the patient?

A

Presence of antibody

49
Q

viral antigen is presented by a cell on its MHC-I. What kind of cellular response would be expected in response to this presentation?

A

CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell response

50
Q

What is the term for when antibodies or complement help phagocytes eat pathogens by acting like molecular handles?

A

Opsonization

51
Q

Where in the body do all lymphocytes start out?

A

Bone marrow

52
Q

What is the term for the portion of the antibody where the variable region is found?

A

Fab

53
Q

A _____ is an antigen that is too small for the immune cells to be activated and therefore needs help from a carrier.

A

Hapten

54
Q

What type of MHC do CD4+ Th1 cells interact with?

A

MHC II

55
Q

What are the two compounds that Cytotoxic T-cells release to kill target infected cells?

A

Granzymes and perforins

56
Q

What type of antibody is made first in the initial primary response?

A

lgm

57
Q

Where do T-cells mature?

A

Thymus

58
Q

What is the term for the antigens that are too small to illicit an immune response and require the help of a carrier?

A

Haptens

Introduction To Microbiology (1 decks)

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