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SOC 106 > UNIT 3 > Flashcards

UNIT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Endogamy

A

marriage to someone within one’s social group

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2
Q

Exogamy

A

marriage to someone outside one’s social group

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3
Q

monogamy

A

the practice of having only one sexual partner or spouse at a time

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4
Q

Polygamy

A

the practice of having more than one sexual partner or spouse at a time

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5
Q

Polyandry

A

the practice of having multiple husbands simultaneously

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6
Q

polygyny

A

the practice of having multiple wives simultaneously

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7
Q

nuclear family

A

familiar form consisting of a father, a mother, and their children

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8
Q

extended family

A

kin networks that extend outside of beyond the nuclear family

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9
Q

cohabitation

A

living together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning.

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10
Q

Kinship Networks

A

Strings of relationships between people related by blood and co-residence

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11
Q

Cult Of Domesticity

A

the notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibility and child rearing

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12
Q

Second Shift

A

women’s responsibility for housework and child care

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13
Q

Miscegenation

A

the technical term for interracial marriage

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14
Q

Education

A

the process through which academic, social, and cultural skills are developed

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15
Q

Hidden curriculum

A

the nonacademic and less overt socialization functions of schooling

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16
Q

social capital

A

the information, knowledge of people, and connections that help individuals enter, gain power in, or otherwise leverage social networks

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17
Q

tracking

A

a way of dividing students into different classes by ability or future plans

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18
Q

credentialism

A

an overemphasis on credentials (degrees) for signaling social status or qualifications for a job

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19
Q

affirmative action

A

a set of policies that grant preferential treatment to a # of particular subgroups within the population, typically disadvantaged populations.

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20
Q

social class/socioeconomic class

A

an individual’s position in a stratified social order

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21
Q

cultural capital

A

the symbolic and interactional resources that people use to their advantage in various situations

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22
Q

stereotype threat

A

when members of a negatively stereotyped group are placed in a. situation where they fear they may confirm those stereotypes

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23
Q

resource dilution model

A

hypothesis stating that parental resources are finite and that each additional child gets a smaller amount of them.

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24
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system in which property and goods are primarily privately owned

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25
Q

feudalism

A

a pre capitalist economic system characterized by the presence of lords, vassals, serfs, and flefs.

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26
Q

agricultural revolution

A

the period around 1700 marked by the introduction of new farming technologies that increased food output in farm production

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27
Q

corporation

A

a legal entity unto itself that has a legal personhood distinct from that of its members. Namely, its owners and shareholders.

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28
Q

alienation

A

a condition in which people are dominated by forces of their own creation that then confront them as aliens powers

29
Q

socialism

A

an economic system in which most or all of the needs of the population are met through non market methods of distribution

30
Q

communism

A

a political system in which the means of production are shared through state ownership. Supposedly a classless society.

31
Q

Family wage

A

a wage paid to male workers sufficient to support a dependent wife and children

32
Q

service sector

A

the section of the economy that involves providing intangible services

33
Q

emotional labor

A

managing emotions and their outward expression to meet the expectations of a job, especially in service sector work.

34
Q

monopoly

A

one seller of a good dominates the market with zero competition

35
Q

oligopoly

A

the economic condition that exist when a handful of firms effectively control the particular market

36
Q

productivity enhancing

A

economic activities that increase the total economic value available to society

37
Q

rent seeking

A

economic activities that aim to move value from one person or company to another without increasing value

38
Q

offshoring

A

moving a company abroad to minimize costs

39
Q

union busting

A

company’s assault on union with the hope of dissolving it

40
Q

politics

A

power relations among people or other social actors

41
Q

authority

A

the justifiable right to exercise power

42
Q

charismatic authority

A

authority that rests on the personal appeal of an individual leader

43
Q

traditional authority

A

authority that rests on or appeals to the pasts or traditions

44
Q

legal-rational authority

A

authority baed on legal, impersonal rules, the rules rule.

45
Q

routinization

A

the clear, rule-governed procedures used repeatedly for decision making

46
Q

rationalization

A

a never ending process of ordering or organizing

47
Q

bureaucracy

A

a legal-rational organization or mode of administration that governs with reference to formal rules and roles and emphasizes meritocracy

48
Q

specialization

A

the process of breaking up work into specific delimited tasks

49
Q

taylorism

A

the methods of labor management. Streamline processes of mass production. Each worker repeatedly performs one task

50
Q

meritocracy

A

a society where status and mobility are based on individual attributes, ability, and achievement

51
Q

milgram experiment

A

experiment at yale to see how far people would go to be obedient to authority

52
Q

power

A

the ability to carry out one’s own will despite resistance

53
Q

state

A

a human community that claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory

54
Q

coercion

A

the use of force to get others to do what you want

55
Q

paradox of authority

A

although the state’s authority derives from the implicit threat of physical force, resorting to coercion strips the state of all legitimate authority

56
Q

international state system

A

a system in which each state is recognized as territorially sovereign by fellow states

57
Q

welfare state

A

a system in which the state is responsible for the well being of its citizens

58
Q

citizenship rights

A

the rights guaranteeing a citizen’s personal freedom from interference, including freedom of speech and the right to travel freely

59
Q

civil rights

A

the rights guaranteeing a citizens personal freedom from interference, including freedom of speech and the right to travel freely

60
Q

political rights

A

the rights guaranteeing a citizens ability to participate in politics, including the right to vote and the right to hold elected office

61
Q

social rights

A

the rights guaranteeing a citizen’s protection by the state

62
Q

soft power

A

power attained through the use of cultural attractiveness rather than the threat of coercive action

63
Q

democracy

A

a system of government wherein power theoretically lies with the people

64
Q

dictatorship

A

a form of government that restricts the right of political participation to a small group

65
Q

game theory

A

a study of strategic decisions made under conditions of uncertainty and interdependence

66
Q

collective action problem

A

the difficulty in organizing large groups because of the tendency of some individuals to freeload or slack off

67
Q

altruism

A

an action that benefits a group but does not directly benefit the individual performing the action

68
Q

political party

A

an organization that seeks to gain power in a government

SOC 106 (2 decks)

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