Unit 3

Question 1

Who designed New York’s Central Park in 1856?

Answer 1

Frederick Law Olmstead

Question 2

Name the Design Concept & Principles Frederick Law Olmstead proposed? (3)

Answer 2

1. The concept is based on informal 18th century English garden style.
2. Incorporation of walks, lakes, a zoo, an art museum, an open-air theatre, skating rink and open fields in design.
3. Expensive luxury apartment buildings and other up market structures border the park on three sides, these buildings serve to block out the sights and sounds of the city in an attractive unobtrusive manner.

Question 3

What are the imperatives of Frederick Law Olmstead’s proposed designs?

Answer 3

1. The need to improve health by sanitation measures and use of trees to combat air and water pollution.
2. The need to combat and urban social degeneration, particularly among the children of urban poor.
   The need to advance the cause of civilization by provision of urban facilities that would democratically available.

Question 4

Who proposed the Garden City Concept in 1899 and what were the propositions?

Answer 4

Prof. Sir Ebenezer Howard (Howard’s Theory)
It would combine the best elements of city and country and would avoid the worst elements of city and country.

Question 5

What are the Design Concept & Principles of Howard’s Theory?

Answer 5

1. Opposed urban crowding/density
   hoped to create a “magnet” people would want to come.
2. Zoning of different land uses
3. Integration of nature to urban environment

Question 6

Name 5 differences between towns, town-country and country

Answer 6

(See notes)

Question 7

Draw the conceptual city growth according to the Garden City model.

Answer 7

(See notes)

Question 8

Explain Unwin’s Theory

Answer 8

Social reform and community living are essential parameters of urban life. To achieve this, it needed the incorporation of landscaped footpaths, green belts, gardens, community centres, court yards, and culls-de-sacs, which help increase social contacts.

Question 9

Explain Patrick Geddes’ Theory

Answer 9

Recognized the need for comprehensive planning surveys of cities. His philosophy was “diagnose before treatment.”

Question 10

What survey factors should be included? (5)

Answer 10

1. Historical
2. Geological
3. Biological
4. Climatic
5. Sociological
6. Geographic
7. Economic
8. Transportation
9. Topographical
10. Aesthetic

Question 11

Who proposed the “Central place theory”?

Answer 11

Walter Christaller

Question 12

Describe the Central place theory.

Answer 12

Justifies the locations of cities and towns as a function of their ability to supply goods and services to the surrounding area, rather than as a function of history or geography. This theory forms the basis of marketing and economic techniques.