Unit 3

Question 1

Civil Rights

Answer 1

govt protected rights against arbitrary and discriminatory treatment

ex. equal social opportunities, such as employment and schooling

Question 2

Civil Liberties

Answer 2

guarantees and freedoms that not even the govt can take away

ex. freedom of speech, religion, press

Question 3

Bill of Rights

Answer 3

the first 10 amendments added to the constitution

important because the provide specific rights and liberties to individuals

Question 4

Establishment Clause

Answer 4

clause prohibits that US govt from establishing a specific religion

ex. in Engle v Vitale the supreme court ruled the prayer in public schools unconstitutional under this clause

Question 5

Free Exercise Clause

Answer 5

prohibits the US govt from interfering with a citizens right to practice a religion

ex. not allowing a muslim student to pray during school would be a violation of this clause

Question 6

Symbolic Speech

Answer 6

non-verbal forms of speech such as symbols, signs and the burning of the flag

important because symbolic speech is also protected under the first amendment

Question 7

Prior Restraint

Answer 7

govt actions that prohibits the speech or other expressions before the speech even happens

ex. in NYT v US the govt stopped the press from printing secret govt documents before they got out to the public

Question 8

Selective Incorporation

Answer 8

case-by-case approach of deciding which portions of the Bill of Rights are to be applied to the states

ex. the 3rd amendment is not yet incorporated to the states because it has not yet been relevant

Question 9

Due Process Clause

Answer 9

guarantees a variety of rights to individuals via the 14th amendment before abiding them of their rights

ex. the govt cant plainly accuse someone w/o going through the correct legal process

Question 10

Incorporation Doctrine

Answer 10

says that states cannot deny citizens protections mentioned in bill of rights

McDonald v Chicago incorporated the 2nd amendment to states through this doctrine

Question 11

Miranda Rights

Answer 11

statement required by police that informs suspects about their constitutional rights protected by the 5th amendment

ex. some of these rights include: the right to remain silent and the right to a lawyer

Question 12

9th Amendment

Answer 12

non enumerated rights are still preserved by the people

ex. rights protected under this amendment include the right to privacy, the right to vote and more

Question 13

10th Amendment

Answer 13

the rights not specifically given to the the national govt in the constitution belong to the states and its ppl

important because this amendment is what federalism is all about; limit’s national govt while giving state govt more power

Question 14

14th Amendment

Answer 14

guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to citizens

important because this amendment has been used to form multiple court decisions

Question 15

Equal Protection Clause

Answer 15

gives equal protection under the law to all citizens

important became it has been used to protect multiple groups against discrimination

Question 16

seperate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 16

doctrine that defended the passing of discriminatory legislation to segregate black and white ppl

ex. in Plessy v Ferguson the court laid out this doctrine to uphold Jim Crow Laws

Question 17

Suffrage

Answer 17

is the right to vote

ex. suffrage movement in the 1920s fought for the womens right to vote

Question 18

Due Process Rights

Answer 18

set of procedures that ensure fair treatment while protecting fundamental rights

ex. the 14th amendment states that no one shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of the law

Question 19

Exclusionary Rule

Answer 19

rule that prohibits police from using illegally seized evidence in trial

ex. if evidence is found without a warrant in someones home, police cannot use it against the individual

Question 20

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 20

legislation that outlawed the segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education and voting

ex. outlawed Jim crow laws and opened up more opportunities for minorities

Question 21

Voting Rights of 1965

Answer 21

prohibited racial discrimination in voting such as the banning of literacy tests

important because it enforced the 15th amendment

Question 22

Title IX

Answer 22

prohibited educational institutions that received federal funds from discriminating against female students

important because before this title there were no female sports teams in schools

Question 23

Affirmative Action

Answer 23

policies designed to give special attention to members of previously disadvantaged groups

ex. training programs and/or outreach programs