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AP HUG > UNIT 3 > Flashcards

UNIT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Acculturation

A

process of cultural change that occurs when people from different cultural backgrounds come into contact with one another.

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2
Q

Architecture

A

the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings:

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3
Q

Assimilation

A

the process of losing aspects of one’s native culture when integrating into a host culture.

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4
Q

Buddhism

A

The ‘Self’ Religion

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5
Q

Centrifugal force

A

forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state

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6
Q

Centripetal force

A

Centripetal forces are forces that bring people together in a country or a region.

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7
Q

christianity

A

The ‘Jesus’ religion

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8
Q

Colonialism

A

Colonialism is the practice of a country establishing and maintaining colonies in other parts of the world, typically for the purpose of economic exploitation, cultural assimilation, or political control.

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9
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

Contagious diffusion

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10
Q

Creolization

A

In its broadest sense, a process of cultural mixture referring specifically to the adoption of African, European, and Indigenous traits in language, religion, food, and identity in the Greater Caribbean area since the 1500s AD.

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11
Q

cultural convergence

A

Cultural convergence is the process by which two or more cultures begin to blend together, resulting in the sharing of values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors

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12
Q

cultural divergence

A

Cultural divergence is a phenomenon where distinct cultures evolve and separate over time, taking different paths in terms of beliefs and values.

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13
Q

Cultural hearth

A

A cultural hearth is a place of origin of a cultural trait. It is an area where civilizations first began and radiated customs, innovations, and ideologies that transformed the world.

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14
Q

cultural landscape

A

Landscape that has cultural significance

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15
Q

cultural relativism

A

Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.

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16
Q

culture

A

Culture is defined as a particular group’s material characteristics, behavioral patterns, beliefs, social norms, and attitudes that are shared and transmitted.

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17
Q

culture trait

A

cultural traits refer to the specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture

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18
Q

ethnicity

A

shared culture, including language, religion, and traditions, among other commonalities

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19
Q

ethnic neighborhood/enclave

A

An ethnic enclave is a neighborhood or larger territory whose population is largely ethnically distinguished from the surrounding area and its inhabitants. EG; China town

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20
Q

ethnic religion

A

religion that is associated with a particular ethnic or political group and is not intended to be spread to other people or places

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21
Q

ethnocentrist

A

tendency to judge other cultures by one’s own standards

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22
Q

expansion diffusion

A

type of cultural diffusion that occurs when a group of people spreads out from a central location and introduces their culture to new areas

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23
Q

Hinduism

A

The pyramid religion

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24
Q

gender

A

a culture’s assumptions about the differences between men and women, including their characters and the roles they play in society

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25
Q

globalization

A

It refers to the increasing connection of economic, cultural, and political characteristics across the world

26
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

type of cultural diffusion where culture spreads starting from the most powerful and influential people within the culture

27
Q

imperialism

A

practice of a country extending its power and influence over other countries, typically through the use of military force, economic coercion, or cultural domination

28
Q

Indigenous community

A

group of people that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live or from which they have been displaced

29
Q

Indo-european language family

A

The Indo-European language family is the largest language family. It includes European, some Asian, and newly adopted American languages. The Indo-European language family is a linguistic hypothesis

30
Q

Islam

A

The Hijab religion

31
Q

Judaism

A

The Spirital jew religion

32
Q

Language dialect

A

a dialect is a geographically distinct version of a single language that varies somewhat from the parent form12345. Dialects have distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation
EG: Pop VS Soda

33
Q

Language family

A

language family is a collection of languages related through a common prehistorical language that makes up the main trunk of language identity

34
Q

Large-scale process

A

affects a larger area or group of people, such as a continent, a region, or the world.

35
Q

Lingua franca

A

lingua franca is defined as “a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages”
English is the lingua franca in most places.

36
Q

linguistic

A

linguistic can refer to a distinctive mode of pronunciation of a language, especially one associated with a particular nation, locality, or social class

37
Q

multiculturalism

A

the integration of a minority group into the dominant culture

38
Q

placemaking

A

Placemaking is a collaborative process by which we can shape our public realm to maximize shared value

39
Q

postmodern architecture

A

20th century movement that emerged as a reaction to the feeling of sterile alienation that many people get from modern architecture

40
Q

relocation diffusion

A

It is the spread of cultural elements such as ideas, religions, cuisines, and customs through the movement of people from one place to another

41
Q

sense of place

A

state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion. It is the perception based on our emotional connection and association with a certain place

42
Q

sequent occupancy

A

concept in geography that refers to the changes in human occupancy of an area over generations

43
Q

syncretism

A

how cultures blend and mix to form a new culture trait

44
Q

Sikhism

A

Sikhism is a religion created in the Early Modern area in South Asia as a ‘Cultural Blend’ between Islam and Hinduism

45
Q

time-space convergence

A

the phenomenon wherein because of technology, distance between formerly far-off points have shrunk

46
Q

Small-scale process

A

is a process that affects a relatively small area or group of people, such as a neighborhood, a city, or a country.

47
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

the process of cultural change that occurs when a culture or a cultural item spreads to new areas. The culture or the cultural item receives a new and unique form in the new areas, while it may or may not stay the same in the original location

48
Q

toponym

A

Name given to a place on Earth. Toponyms can be classified into four categories:
Descriptive: Toponyms that derive from physical features.

Associative: Toponyms that are associated with a place.

Incident: Toponyms that are associated with an event.

Possessive: Toponyms that are named for a person, perhaps the founder

49
Q

trade

A

intergovernmental or diplomatic agreements on trade or foreign policy between member states

50
Q

traditional architecture

A

pattern of land division used in an area

51
Q

universalizing religion

A

universalizing religion is a type of religion that is meant to be universally applicable to all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, culture, or geographic location

52
Q

urbanization

A

The process by which people live and are employed in a city.

53
Q

isoglass

A

geographical boundary line marking the area in which a distinctive linguistic feature commonly occurs

54
Q

pidgin language

A

language that develops when two or more different languages meet in one geographic region

55
Q

dialects

A

geographically distinct versions of a single language that vary somewhat from the parent form

56
Q

pilgramage

A

global human phenomenon

57
Q

diaspora

A

group of people who don’t live in their original country but still maintain their heritage in their new land

58
Q

fundamentalism

A

religious movement or point of view characterized by a return to fundamental principles, by rigid adherence to those principles, and often by intolerance of other views and opposition to secularis

59
Q

taboo

A

A culturally acceptable thing that is unnacceptable in other cultures; Ex, eating dogs/horses

60
Q

animism

A

type of religious belief that focuses on the roles of the various gods and spirits in the natural world and in human events

AP HUG (2 decks)

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