Unit 3

Question 1

transport

Answer 1

carry O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells

Question 2

protect

Answer 2

inflammation, limit the speed of infection, destroy microorganisms and cancer cells, neutralize toxins, and initiate clotting

Question 3

regulate

Answer 3

fluid balance, stabilizes the pH of ECF, and temperature control

Question 4

blood is composed of:

Answer 4

plasma and formed elements

Question 5

plasma

Answer 5

matrix of blood; clear, yellow fluid

Question 6

formed elements

Answer 6

Erythrocytes (RBCs), Platelets (fragments of bone marrow cells), Leukocytes (WBCs)

Question 7

viscosity

Answer 7

resistance of a fluid to flow (thickness or stickiness)

Question 8

osmolarity

Answer 8

the total concentration of solute particles

Question 9

function of RBCs

Answer 9

essential for gas transport: carry oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs

Question 10

universal donor

Answer 10

type O blood

Question 11

universal recipient

Answer 11

type AB blood

Question 12

Type A blood

Answer 12

Has anti-B antibodies and A antigen

Question 13

Type B blood

Answer 13

Has anti-A antibodies and B antigen

Question 14

Type AB blood

Answer 14

Has no antibodies and both A and B antigens

Question 15

Type O blood

Answer 15

Has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies and no antigens

Question 16

anemia

Answer 16

deficiency of either RBCs or hemoglobin

Question 17

polycythemia

Answer 17

excess of either RBCs or hemoglobin

Question 18

sickle cell disease

Answer 18

hereditary hemoglobin defect

Question 19

purpose of WBCs

Answer 19

protect against infection and other diseases

Question 20

cause of leukemia

Answer 20

cancer of hematopoietic tissue usually produces a very high number of circulating leukocytes

Question 21

what side of the heart supplies the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 21

right side

Question 22

what side of the heart supplies the systemic circuit

Answer 22

left side

Question 23

what are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 23

right atria, right ventricle, left atria, left ventricle

Question 24

3 properties of intercalated discs

Answer 24

interdigitating folds, mechanical junctions, electrical junctions

Question 25

interdigitating folds

Answer 25

membranes of cells are folded to lock cells together

Question 26

mechanical junctions (connections)

Answer 26

have desmosomes that prevent contracting myocytes from pulling apart

Question 27

electrical (gap) junctions

Answer 27

allow ions to flow between cells; cells stimulate neighbors so the myocardium can contract in unison

Question 28

pacemaker (SA node)

Answer 28

the node that initiates each heartbeat and determines heart rate

Question 29

autorhythmic

Answer 29

has a built-in pacemaker and electrical system so the heart doesn’t rely on the nervous system for its rhythm

Question 30

p wave

Answer 30

depolarization of the atria

Question 31

QRS complex

Answer 31

depolarization of the ventricles

Question 32

T wave

Answer 32

repolarization of the ventricles

Question 33

atrial fibrillation

Answer 33

weak rippling contraction in atria due to chaotic signals; atria fail to stimulate ventricles

Question 34

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 34

random electrical signals result in no pumping action; hallmark of myocardial infarction and quickly fatal

Question 35

what makes the lubb and dupp sounds?

Answer 35

lubb is the sound of AV valves closing and dupp is the sound of semilunar valves closing