Unit 3 Flashcards
transport
carry O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells
protect
inflammation, limit the speed of infection, destroy microorganisms and cancer cells, neutralize toxins, and initiate clotting
regulate
fluid balance, stabilizes the pH of ECF, and temperature control
blood is composed of:
plasma and formed elements
plasma
matrix of blood; clear, yellow fluid
formed elements
Erythrocytes (RBCs), Platelets (fragments of bone marrow cells), Leukocytes (WBCs)
viscosity
resistance of a fluid to flow (thickness or stickiness)
osmolarity
the total concentration of solute particles
function of RBCs
essential for gas transport: carry oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
universal donor
type O blood
universal recipient
type AB blood
Type A blood
Has anti-B antibodies and A antigen
Type B blood
Has anti-A antibodies and B antigen
Type AB blood
Has no antibodies and both A and B antigens
Type O blood
Has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies and no antigens
anemia
deficiency of either RBCs or hemoglobin
polycythemia
excess of either RBCs or hemoglobin
sickle cell disease
hereditary hemoglobin defect
purpose of WBCs
protect against infection and other diseases
cause of leukemia
cancer of hematopoietic tissue usually produces a very high number of circulating leukocytes
what side of the heart supplies the pulmonary circuit?
right side
what side of the heart supplies the systemic circuit
left side
what are the 4 chambers of the heart?
right atria, right ventricle, left atria, left ventricle
3 properties of intercalated discs
interdigitating folds, mechanical junctions, electrical junctions
interdigitating folds
membranes of cells are folded to lock cells together
mechanical junctions (connections)
have desmosomes that prevent contracting myocytes from pulling apart
electrical (gap) junctions
allow ions to flow between cells; cells stimulate neighbors so the myocardium can contract in unison
pacemaker (SA node)
the node that initiates each heartbeat and determines heart rate
autorhythmic
has a built-in pacemaker and electrical system so the heart doesn’t rely on the nervous system for its rhythm
p wave
depolarization of the atria
QRS complex
depolarization of the ventricles
T wave
repolarization of the ventricles
atrial fibrillation
weak rippling contraction in atria due to chaotic signals; atria fail to stimulate ventricles
ventricular fibrillation
random electrical signals result in no pumping action; hallmark of myocardial infarction and quickly fatal
what makes the lubb and dupp sounds?
lubb is the sound of AV valves closing and dupp is the sound of semilunar valves closing
