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Biology year 12 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is biodiversity?

A

measure of species and ecosystem health

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2
Q

What is species richness?

A

Relative species abundance

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3
Q

what is predation?

A

One organism consumers another for food

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4
Q

what is competition?

A

2 or more organisms need the same resources

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5
Q

what is commensalism?

A

one organisms benefit but the other is not affected by the relationship

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6
Q

What is mutualism?

A

both organisms gain from the relationship

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7
Q

what is parasitism?

A

one organisms will suffer while the other benefits

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8
Q

what is abiotic factors?

A

limit ecosystems climate, substrate, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, light

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9
Q

what is environmental factors?

A

limit the distribution and abundance of species in an ecosystem

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10
Q

what is classification?

A

Hierarchical system based on different level of similarity of physical features, methods of reproduction and molecular sequences

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11
Q

what is Linnaean?

A

similarity of physical features

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12
Q

what is K selection?

A

produce few offsprings to increase survival

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13
Q

what is r selection?

A

produce many offspring knowing that most will die

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14
Q

what is cladistics?

A

molecular phylogeny used for comparison

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15
Q

what is clade?

A

a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor

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16
Q

what is interspecific hybrid?

A

infertile offspring from 2 species that are similar

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17
Q

define disease

A

relationship where the parasite causes the host to get sick

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18
Q

what is microhabitat?

A

tiniest place an organism can live

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19
Q

what is niche?

A

preferred place organism wants to live

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20
Q

what is ecosystem naming?

A

by the dominant plants that inhabit the region

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21
Q

what is stratified sampling?

A

estimating populations, density, distribution using a set method

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22
Q

what is a quadrant?

A

set area that is used to count species

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23
Q

what is transect?

A

a line within an area that is used to determine where samples are taken

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24
Q

what is biomass?

A

the mass of organic material in an ecosystem

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25
Q

what is carbon cycle?

A

the movement of carbon from atmosphere to ocean to earth and back again

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26
Q

what is a food chain?

A

a sequence of food transfers from producers through several levels of consumers in an ecosystem

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27
Q

what is a food web?

A

a network of interconnected food chains

28
Q

what is a food pyramid?

A

tropic levels of consumers with autotrophs on the bottom that show the gradual reduction in number of organisms

29
Q

what is radiation?

A

the emission of heat to the environment

30
Q

what is reflection?

A

heat that is reflected back onto the environment

31
Q

what is absorption?

A

heat that is absorbed from the environment

32
Q

what is energy transfer?

A

the transfer of energy thought the components of the ecosystem

33
Q

what is trophic level?

A

level within a food web

34
Q

what is productivity?

A

the rate that energy is added to the bodies of organisms in the form of biomass

35
Q

what is ecological niche?

A

the role and position a species has in its environment and is affected by abiotic and biotic factors

36
Q

what is a keystone species?

A

a species that is not usually abundant in a community

37
Q

what is carrying capacity?

A

the number of individuals that an environment can sustain

38
Q

what is limiting factors?

A

environmental factors that restrict population growth

39
Q

what is natality?

A

birth rate

40
Q

what is mortality?

A

Death rate

41
Q

what is immigration

A

new organisms moving into an area

42
Q

what is emigration?

A

organisms leaving an area

43
Q

what is the Lincoln index

A

used to estimate the size of closed populations marked recapture method

44
Q

what is j curve?

A

population growth of a new species with unchecked growth

45
Q

what is s curve?

A

population growth of a species where the population is checked by environmental factors to stabilise

46
Q

what is logistic growth?

A

population growth with no restrictions

47
Q

what is population limiting factors?

A

anything that constrains a populations size or strops it from growing

48
Q

what is ecological succession?

A

the process of biological community change resulting from disturbance, transition in the species, composition of a biological community usually following a catastrophic event

49
Q

what is pioneer communities?

A

the first species into an area following a catastrophic event

50
Q

what is climax communities?

A

The final stage of biotic succession attainable by a plant community in a stable environment

51
Q

what is primary succession?

A

plants and animals first colonise a barren, lifeless habitat

52
Q

what is secondary succession?

A

an area that was previously occupied by living things is disturbed, the re-colonized following the disturbance

53
Q

what is nitrogen fixation?

A

the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen N2 into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use

54
Q

what is tolerance?

A

an organisms capacity to survive variation in environmental conditions

55
Q

what is germination?

A

process where an organism grows from a seed or a spore

56
Q

what is temporal succession?

A

habitat lifespan relative to the generation time of the organism

57
Q

what is spatial succession?

A

the distance between habitat patches relative to the dispersal distance of the organism

58
Q

what is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid-genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents

59
Q

what are chromosomes?

A

gene carrying structure found in the nucleus

60
Q

what is histones?

A

protein found in chromosomes that bind to DNA to give chromosomes their shape

61
Q

what is cytosol?

A

intracellular fluid

62
Q

what is mitochondria?

A

site of respiration within the cell organelle

63
Q

what is complementary base pairing?

A

Chargaff’s rule-DNA base pairs the same every time A-T and C-G

64
Q

what is nucleotide?

A

molecule that holds DNA and RNA together made up of phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar and nitrogenous base

65
Q

what is helicase?

A

enzyme that unzips DNA

66
Q

what is DNA polymerase?

A

responsible for synthesising DNA

67
Q
A

Biology year 12 (1 decks)

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