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Module 4 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

WAN’s allow us to span a larger geographic area by connecting ___ ___ ___ LANs together.

A

two or more

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2
Q

A key difference between WAN and LAN technologies is ____.

A

scalability

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3
Q

WAN technologies generally function at the ___ ___ layers
of the OSI model.

A

lower three

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4
Q

___ ___ are defined as a collection of networks under a common administration which shares a common routing strategy.

A

Autonomous system

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5
Q

An example of an autonomous system is the ___ ___ within an Air Force Base. To get traffic from a host in one AS to a host in another AS, the autonomous systems need to be connected. Most ASes do not share a direct link with each other, in which case data traffic may be routed through the networks of other ASes that agree to carry the traffic.

A

internal networks

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6
Q

Within the routing world, a ___ refers to routers that perform routing protocol functions between machines, networks, and within or between autonomous systems.

A

gateway

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7
Q

___ are one of the common devices used for data transfer in a WAN. ___ are needed to pass traffic between multiple WANs, such as routing in the World Wide Web.

A

Routers

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8
Q

___ ___ are routers that facilitate information exchange within an autonomous system.

A

Interior Gateways

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9
Q

Interior gateways use a variety of ___ ___ ___ to accomplish this purpose. ___ ___ ___ discover paths between networks that are part of the same AS.

A

Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)

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10
Q

What are some common examples of IGPs?

A

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

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11
Q

___ ___ are routers that move information between autonomous systems.

A

Exterior gateways

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12
Q

Exterior gateways use Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs). EGPs discover paths between autonomous systems, which are also known as ___ ___.

A

routing domains

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13
Q

Routing from one Air Force base to another is an example of routing between ___ ___.

A

Autonomous Systems

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14
Q

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an example of an ___. To get traffic from a host in one AS to a host in another AS, the autonomous systems need to be connected. Most ASes do not share a direct link with each other, so traffic is often routed through the networks of other ASes that agree to carry the traffic.

A

EGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol

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15
Q

A ___ ___ (Router Port) is an IP address on a layer 3 network device that serves as an access point to or from a network. It also refers to a setting configured on the hosts to provide them with a path to leave the LAN to some remote network.

A

default gateway

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16
Q

A default gateway (Router Port) is an IP address on a layer __ network device that serves as an access point to or from a network. It also refers to a setting configured on the hosts to provide them with a path to leave the LAN to some remote network.

A

layer 3

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17
Q

A host’s default gateway IP address is the address of the ___ ___ interface on the host’s subnet.

A

nearest router

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18
Q

What does VPN stand for?

A

Virtual Private Network

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19
Q

A ___ creates an encrypted tunnel from one computer or remote network to a private network through the Internet. It also encrypts and decrypts data using the most advanced techniques available.

A

VPN

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20
Q

VPN makes use of VPN Concentrators (which we will discuss later), which establishes a secure connection called a ___. These tunneling protocols negotiate tunnel parameters, authenticate users, and assign user addresses.

A

tunnel

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21
Q

Routers connect LANs together, which creates ___.

A

WANs

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22
Q

For TCP/IP networks, routing is part of the IP and combines with other protocol services to provide ___ ___ between hosts that are located on different TCP/IP networks.

A

forwarding capabilities

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23
Q

Routers connect and direct ___ to the correct LAN.

A

packets

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24
Q

The primary function of a ___ is to connect one LAN segment to another LAN segment within a routing domain, or Administrative
Domain (Interior Gateway services), and to connect an administrative area to other remote areas (Exterior Gateway services) through WAN connections.

A

router

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25
Q

Routers provide the means to ___ a network allowing for efficient use of available address space. They allow the maximum numbers of ___ on the network while providing ___ of network traffic. Routers also provide ___ within the network by adding or removing LAN connections as necessary.

A

segment
users
control
flexibility

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26
Q

In Figure 3-1 below, the router is used to break the classful network 172.16.0.0/16 into smaller broadcast domains (also called ___). Breaking the network into subnets allows more efficient use of the address space, improves overall LAN performance, and improves security.

A

subnets

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27
Q

All routing protocols do two things:

A

group the information that comes to them and sends all information as efficiently as possible.

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28
Q

Actual communication across an internetwork is made possible by using communication protocols. As previously discussed in this block, a ___ is a formal set of rules and conventions that governs how computers and other network entities exchange information over a network medium.

A

protocol

29
Q

A protocol implements the functions of one or more of the layers of the ___.

A

OSI

30
Q

___ protocols are network layer protocols that are responsible for path determination and traffic switching.

A

Routing

31
Q

Routers use routing protocols to share information about subnets with each other. The routers use the information exchanged via the routing protocols to build the ___ ___.

A

routing table

32
Q

The routing table contains a list of:

A

available networks along with information as to how to reach those networks.

33
Q

___ protocols (also called network protocols) are protocols within a protocol suite that are responsible for providing the logical addressing that routers use to determine where to send the
data packet on its way to the destination network.

A

Routed

34
Q

Examples of routed protocols:

A

Examples of such protocol stacks are the Internet Protocols (TCP/IP), DECnet, AppleTalk, Novell NetWare (now called OES (Open Enterprise Server)), and OSI.

35
Q

Routed protocols are moved by ___ protocols across an
internetwork.

A

routing

36
Q

Routed protocols occur at the ___ ___ layers of the OSI reference model: the Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layers.

A

upper five

37
Q

___ protocols are protocols that moved or routed over an internetwork. ___ protocols, on the other hand, are protocols that implement routing algorithms. In other words, routing protocols direct routed protocols through an internetwork.

A

Routed
Routing

38
Q

Examples of routing protocols:

A

Examples of these protocols include Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), and Routing Information Protocol (RIP).

39
Q

In essence, ___ protocols build routing tables, whereas ___ protocols encapsulate data so it can be sent over the network.

A

routing
routed

40
Q

The Internet protocols (also called the ____ protocol suite) are the world’s most popular open- system (nonproprietary) protocol suite because the suite of protocols can be (and are) used to communicate across any set of interconnected networks.

A

TCP/IP

41
Q

The Internet protocols consist of a suite of communication protocols, of which the two best known are:

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)

42
Q

The Internet protocols suite not only includes lower-layer protocols (such as TCP and IP), but it also specifies common applications such as:

A

electronic mail, terminal emulation, and file transfer

43
Q

IP is the ___ network layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite.

A

primary

43
Q

The Internet Protocol (IP) is a ___ ___ protocol that contains addressing information and some control information that enables packet routing.

A

network layer (layer 3)

44
Q

___ has two primary responsibilities: providing connectionless, best-effort delivery of packets through an internetwork based on logically assigned addresses and providing fragmentation and reassembly of packets to support data links with different maximum transmission unit (MTU) sizes.

A

IP

45
Q

Within the routing world, though, an ___ ___ refers to devices that perform routing protocol functions between machines or networks under the same administrative control, such as the internal network within an Air Force Base.

A

interior gateway

46
Q

Within the routing world, though, an Interior gateway refers to devices that perform routing protocol functions between machines or networks under the same administrative control, such as the internal network within an Air Force Base. These areas of control are also known as:

A

autonomous systems or routing domains

47
Q

___ ___ perform routing protocol functions between autonomous systems such as on the Internet.

A

Exterior gateways

48
Q

Routers used for information exchange within autonomous systems use a variety of Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) to accomplish this purpose. ___ and ___ are examples of an IGP.

A

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

49
Q

____ finds the best path for packets as they pass through a set of connected networks.

A

OSPF

50
Q

___ is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol that is used on a computer network for automating routing decisions and configurations. It is designed by Cisco as a proprietary protocol and is available on Cisco routers.

A

EIGRP

51
Q

Routers that move information ___ autonomous systems use Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs) to exchange information between autonomous systems.

A

between

52
Q

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an example of an ___ ___ protocol. It is the ___ gateway protocol that the internet uses.

A

exterior gateway

53
Q

The term “___ ___” refers to a configured setting on the hosts to provide them with a path to leave the LAN to some remote network; this is the address of the nearest router interface on their subnet.

A

Default Gateway

54
Q

IP routing protocols are dynamic. ___ routing calls for automatic route calculations at regular intervals by software in routing devices. This contrasts with ___ routing, where routes are established by the network administrator and do not change until the network administrator changes them.

A

Dynamic
Static

55
Q

An ___ ___ ___, which consists of destination address/next hop pairs, enables dynamic routing.

A

IP routing table

56
Q

IP routing specifies that IP packets travel through internetworks ___ hop at a time. However, the entire route is unknown at the onset of the journey. Instead, each stop calculates the next path by matching the destination address within the packet with an entry in the current node’s routing table.

A

one

57
Q

___ is a network layer Internet protocol that provides message packets to report errors and other information regarding IP packet processing back to the source device.

A

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

58
Q

___ generates several kinds of useful messages, including Destination Unreachable, Time Exceeded, Router Advertisement, Router Solicitation, and Echo-Request & Echo Reply. The Echo-Request and Echo-Reply messages are used in the Ping operation.

A

ICMP

59
Q

A ___ is a routed interface that represents a set of bridged Ethernet interfaces. Use a ___ when you want to have multiple router interfaces acting as members of a single Ethernet collision domain
or to bridge two separate network segments together. Many wireless bridges use this function to attach their wireless clients to a local Ethernet.

A

Bridge Virtual Interface (BVI)

60
Q

A ___ ___ ___ is commonly made up of the following components: End device(s), routers, modems, and media.

A

Serial communications circuit

61
Q

A serial communications circuit is commonly made up of the following components:

A

End device(s), routers, modems, and media.

62
Q

The ___ ___ and the router are connected to each other over a circuit that is built using the media and the modems.

A

end device

63
Q

___ is an end instrument (device) that converts user information into signals or reconverts received signals into user information.

A

Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)

64
Q

A ___ device communicates with a DCE device.

A

DTE

65
Q

An end device, such as a PC, printer, or server is a DTE device. Often, a ___ is also a DTE device.

A

router

66
Q

___ is the equipment that performs functions such as signal conversion, signal coding, and provides timing for synchronization.

A

Data Communications Equipment (DCE)

67
Q

A ___ device is typically a modem, a Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU), or other piece of data communications equipment. While routers are often DTE devices, they can be configured as ___ devices when needed.

A

DCE

68
Q
A

Module 4 (5 decks)

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