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Child Development Unit 3 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How many chromosomes do mature sperm and ovum cells contribute?

A

23

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2
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes are in a fertilized ovum?

A

23

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3
Q

xy

A

boy

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4
Q

xx

A

girl

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5
Q

5 genetic traits

A

vision, height, body type, eye color, blood type

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6
Q

4 environmental traits

A

personality, education level, hobbies, religion

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7
Q

what is the ovum

A

the female reproductive cell, which, after fertilization, becomes a zygote

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8
Q

what are ovaries

A

the female reproductive glands in which ovum are produced; the ovaries are in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus

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9
Q

what are fallopian tubes

A

two long, slender ducts in the female abdomen that transport ovum from the ovary to the uterus; fertilization must take place in the fallopian tubes

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10
Q

what is the uterus

A

hollow, pear-shaped organ that expands during pregnancy to hold the growing fetus and contracts during labor to deliver the child

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11
Q

what is the endometrium lining

A

functions as the lining for the uterus. During the phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens in preparation to accept a fertilized ovum. If an ovum was not fertilized, then the thickened lining is expelled during menstruation

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12
Q

what is the cervix

A

the lower, narrow portion of the uterus that allows the expulsion of the endometrium lining, the entry of sperm and dilates during labor

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13
Q

what is the vagina

A

the muscular tube leading from the eternal genitals to the cervix in the uterus in women, also known as the birth canal during labor

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14
Q

what is the perineum

A

the surface between the anus and the vagina

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15
Q

what is sperm

A

male reproductive cell

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16
Q

what is the scrotum

A

the external pouch that contains the testicles and epididymis

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17
Q

what is the penis

A

the male organ in which semen and urine exit the body

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18
Q

what are the testicles

A

two sex glands that produce the male reproductive cells called sperm and the male hormone testosterone

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19
Q

what is the epididymis

A

the place where sperm are stored until they ripen and mature

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20
Q

what is the urethra

A

the passageway to transfer urine or semen outside the body

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21
Q

what are the acessory glands

A

provide fluid that lubricates the duct system and nourishes the sperm

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22
Q

what is the vas deferens

A

the passageway carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicles

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23
Q

what is the seminal vesicle

A

it produces a sticky, sugary fluid to nourish the sperm

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24
Q

T or F: teens have a higher risk of birthing low weight babies

A

True

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25
Q

Why do teens have a higher risk of birthing low weight babies

A

Teens are still developing and often due to their diet do not have enough essential nutrients to transfer to the fetus

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26
Q

What is the nickname for Ovum

A

Egg

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27
Q

after release the egg travels down the…..

A

fallopian tubes

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28
Q

What fertilizes the egg

A

sperm

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29
Q

what happens when the egg is not fertilized

A

menstruation

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30
Q

what happens during menstruation

A

the lining of the uterus begins to break down and exit

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31
Q

how many sperm can penetrate and fertilize the ovum

A

one

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32
Q

what does the egg become when fertilized

A

zygote

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33
Q

where does the zygote implant itself

A

endometrium lining within the uterus

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34
Q

T or F: tender breasts are a sign of pregnancy

A

True

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35
Q

T or F: heartburn often occurs during pregnancy

A

True

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36
Q

What complication occurs due to Rh Factor

A

inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. if your blood has the protein, your Rh positive. If you are Rh negative, and your baby is Rh positive, your pregnancy will need special care.

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37
Q

what is toxemia/ pre-eclampsia

A

a condition that pregnant women develop. Marked by high blood pressure in women who haven’t had high blood pressure before. Can also have high levels of protein in urine and swelling of limbs.

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38
Q

is pre-eclampsia curable

A

No

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39
Q

what is gestational diabetes

A

a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy

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40
Q

what happens if gestation diabetes goes untreated?

A

it can result in still births, and children are put at higher risk of being overweight and developing type 2 diabetes

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41
Q

is gestational diabetes curable

A

it resolves when the baby is born

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42
Q

what is placenta previa

A

a condition in which the placenta partially or wholly blocks the neck of the uterus, thus interfering with the normal delivery of a baby.

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43
Q

can you do a natural birth with placenta previa

A

no, c section is required

44
Q

what qualifies as low birth weight

A

when the fetus is under 5.5 pounds

45
Q

what is a premature birth

A

when the baby is birthed three weeks before due date

46
Q

what is a spontaneous abortion

A

a miscarriage that takes place before the 20th week

47
Q

what is a stillbirth

A

the birth of an infant that died in the womb after surviving at least 5 months in the womb

48
Q

Can you take hot baths during pregnancy

A

No

49
Q

what causes toxoplasmosis

A

cat feces

50
Q

should you avoid contact with rodents

A

Yes

51
Q

what is prenatal development

A

the development of the baby before it is born

52
Q

how long does the prenatal period last

A

40 weeks

53
Q

what is the order of development

A

zygote, embryo, fetus

54
Q

what is a zygote

A

the developing baby in the first two weeks of pregnancy

55
Q

embryo

A

the stage during weeks 3-8 of pregnancy

56
Q

fetus

A

the developing baby after the eighth week until delivery

57
Q

what is the umbilical cord

A

the connection between the fetus and the placenta that passes oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the child and returns waste products back to the mother

58
Q

what is the placenta

A

an organ attached to the endometrium lining that filters and transfers nutrients and oxygen to the fetus

59
Q

what is amniotic fluid

A

fluid that guards against jolts, keeps the fetus at a constant temperature, and keeps the fetus from attaching to the endometrium lining

60
Q

what is the womb

A

a uterus when a fetus is growing inside of it

61
Q

what trimester is the most critical

A

first

62
Q

what trimester do most of the symptoms of pregnancy occur

A

first

63
Q

what trimester do most of the physical developments of the baby occur

A

first

64
Q

what trimester do slight fetal movements become more tangible

A

second

65
Q

what trimester do the organs begin to develop faster

A

second

66
Q

what trimester is the easiest on the mother

A

second

67
Q

what trimester is the most demanding on the mother

A

third

68
Q

what trimester does the lanugo and vernix begin to disappear

A

third

69
Q

what is lanugo

A

fine hair on baby

70
Q

what is vernix

A

waxy substance

71
Q

what trimester does the fetus gain a fatty layer and gain weight

A

third

72
Q

what is lightening

A

the dropping movement of the baby into the mother’s pelvic region in a head down position in preparation for birth

73
Q

how do identical twins occur

A

when the fertilized ovum splits

74
Q

how do fraternal twins occur

A

when more than one ovum are fertilized

75
Q

how do conjoined twins occur

A

when the fertilized cells do not completely split

76
Q

How many extra chromosomes cause Down Syndrome

A

21

77
Q

What is PKU

A

the inability to process proteins

78
Q

what is muscular dystrophy

A

the weakness and shrinking of muscles

79
Q

what is Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

brain damage and growth problems in the baby caused by the mother consuming alcohol during pregnancy. NON REVERSIBLE

80
Q

If the Mother has an STD or STI can the fetus become infected

A

YES

81
Q

what is cleft lip

A

when the tissue that makes up the lip does not join completely before birth. Resulting in an opening in the upper lip.

82
Q

what is cerebral palsy

A

a group of disorders that affect movement and muscle tone or posture. Caused by damage that occurs to the immature brain as it develops.

83
Q

what is spina bifida

A

when the baby’s spinal cord fails to develop properly. Often caused by women who take inadequate folate.

84
Q

what is an ultrasound

A

utilizes sound waves to detect the health and development of the fetus

85
Q

what is amniocentesis

A

inserting a needle through the abdominal wall and into the uterus and withdrawing some amniotic fluid to detect birth defects

86
Q

what is labor

A

regular contractions of the uterus that result in dilation and effacement of the cervix

87
Q

what is the “show”

A

a pinkish plug that covers the cervix, is released at the beginning of labor

88
Q

what does water breaking during pregnancy mean

A

your amniotic sac is broken, releasing amniotic fluid

89
Q

what is effacement

A

this refers to the thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth and is expressed in percentages

90
Q

what is dilation

A

the extent to which the cervix has opened in preparation for childbirth. expressed in centimeters.

91
Q

what are fontanels

A

soft spots between the unfused sections of the baby’s skull. These allow the baby’s head to compress slightly during passage through the birth canal

92
Q

what is an episiotomy

A

a surgical incision made on the perineum used to enlarge the vaginal opening to help deliver a baby

93
Q

what is station

A

refers to the position of the baby in the birth canal

94
Q

what are contractions

A

the regular tightening of the uterus working to push the baby down the birth canal

95
Q

what is delivery

A

the process of the fetus being expelled from the uterus

96
Q

what are forcep/vacuum extractors

A

tools used by the obstetrician to guide the fetal head during delivery

97
Q

what is lochia

A

bloody vaginal discharge comparable to a heavy period is seen. Lasting up to six weeks.

98
Q

what is post partum

A

the time after delivery where rest is the mother’s primary physical need

99
Q

what is crowning

A

when the baby’s head has passed through the birth canal and the top stays visible at the vaginal opening without slipping back inside

100
Q

what is afterbirth

A

when the amniotic sac, placenta, and umbilical cord are expelled.

101
Q

what is an epidural

A

medication given to relieve pain during labor and delivery, that is injected into a space within the expecting mother’s spinal cord region that numbs from the abdomen or pelvis downward

102
Q

what is a midwife

A

registered nurse with additional training as a midwife or a person with formal training in childbirth without a nursing degree who delivers infants and provides prenatal and postpartum care

103
Q

what is breech position delivery

A

feet or buttocks first

104
Q

what is posterior position delivery

A

headfirst and face up

105
Q

what is transverse position

A

fetus is laying sideway

Child Development Unit 3 (2 decks)

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