Unit 3 Flashcards
How many chromosomes do mature sperm and ovum cells contribute?
23
how many pairs of chromosomes are in a fertilized ovum?
23
xy
boy
xx
girl
5 genetic traits
vision, height, body type, eye color, blood type
4 environmental traits
personality, education level, hobbies, religion
what is the ovum
the female reproductive cell, which, after fertilization, becomes a zygote
what are ovaries
the female reproductive glands in which ovum are produced; the ovaries are in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus
what are fallopian tubes
two long, slender ducts in the female abdomen that transport ovum from the ovary to the uterus; fertilization must take place in the fallopian tubes
what is the uterus
hollow, pear-shaped organ that expands during pregnancy to hold the growing fetus and contracts during labor to deliver the child
what is the endometrium lining
functions as the lining for the uterus. During the phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens in preparation to accept a fertilized ovum. If an ovum was not fertilized, then the thickened lining is expelled during menstruation
what is the cervix
the lower, narrow portion of the uterus that allows the expulsion of the endometrium lining, the entry of sperm and dilates during labor
what is the vagina
the muscular tube leading from the eternal genitals to the cervix in the uterus in women, also known as the birth canal during labor
what is the perineum
the surface between the anus and the vagina
what is sperm
male reproductive cell
what is the scrotum
the external pouch that contains the testicles and epididymis
what is the penis
the male organ in which semen and urine exit the body
what are the testicles
two sex glands that produce the male reproductive cells called sperm and the male hormone testosterone
what is the epididymis
the place where sperm are stored until they ripen and mature
what is the urethra
the passageway to transfer urine or semen outside the body
what are the acessory glands
provide fluid that lubricates the duct system and nourishes the sperm
what is the vas deferens
the passageway carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicles
what is the seminal vesicle
it produces a sticky, sugary fluid to nourish the sperm
T or F: teens have a higher risk of birthing low weight babies
True
Why do teens have a higher risk of birthing low weight babies
Teens are still developing and often due to their diet do not have enough essential nutrients to transfer to the fetus
What is the nickname for Ovum
Egg
after release the egg travels down the…..
fallopian tubes
What fertilizes the egg
sperm
what happens when the egg is not fertilized
menstruation
what happens during menstruation
the lining of the uterus begins to break down and exit
how many sperm can penetrate and fertilize the ovum
one
what does the egg become when fertilized
zygote
where does the zygote implant itself
endometrium lining within the uterus
T or F: tender breasts are a sign of pregnancy
True
T or F: heartburn often occurs during pregnancy
True
What complication occurs due to Rh Factor
inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. if your blood has the protein, your Rh positive. If you are Rh negative, and your baby is Rh positive, your pregnancy will need special care.
what is toxemia/ pre-eclampsia
a condition that pregnant women develop. Marked by high blood pressure in women who haven’t had high blood pressure before. Can also have high levels of protein in urine and swelling of limbs.
is pre-eclampsia curable
No
what is gestational diabetes
a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy
what happens if gestation diabetes goes untreated?
it can result in still births, and children are put at higher risk of being overweight and developing type 2 diabetes
is gestational diabetes curable
it resolves when the baby is born
what is placenta previa
a condition in which the placenta partially or wholly blocks the neck of the uterus, thus interfering with the normal delivery of a baby.
can you do a natural birth with placenta previa
no, c section is required
what qualifies as low birth weight
when the fetus is under 5.5 pounds
what is a premature birth
when the baby is birthed three weeks before due date
what is a spontaneous abortion
a miscarriage that takes place before the 20th week
what is a stillbirth
the birth of an infant that died in the womb after surviving at least 5 months in the womb
Can you take hot baths during pregnancy
No
what causes toxoplasmosis
cat feces
should you avoid contact with rodents
Yes
what is prenatal development
the development of the baby before it is born
how long does the prenatal period last
40 weeks
what is the order of development
zygote, embryo, fetus
what is a zygote
the developing baby in the first two weeks of pregnancy
embryo
the stage during weeks 3-8 of pregnancy
fetus
the developing baby after the eighth week until delivery
what is the umbilical cord
the connection between the fetus and the placenta that passes oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the child and returns waste products back to the mother
what is the placenta
an organ attached to the endometrium lining that filters and transfers nutrients and oxygen to the fetus
what is amniotic fluid
fluid that guards against jolts, keeps the fetus at a constant temperature, and keeps the fetus from attaching to the endometrium lining
what is the womb
a uterus when a fetus is growing inside of it
what trimester is the most critical
first
what trimester do most of the symptoms of pregnancy occur
first
what trimester do most of the physical developments of the baby occur
first
what trimester do slight fetal movements become more tangible
second
what trimester do the organs begin to develop faster
second
what trimester is the easiest on the mother
second
what trimester is the most demanding on the mother
third
what trimester does the lanugo and vernix begin to disappear
third
what is lanugo
fine hair on baby
what is vernix
waxy substance
what trimester does the fetus gain a fatty layer and gain weight
third
what is lightening
the dropping movement of the baby into the mother’s pelvic region in a head down position in preparation for birth
how do identical twins occur
when the fertilized ovum splits
how do fraternal twins occur
when more than one ovum are fertilized
how do conjoined twins occur
when the fertilized cells do not completely split
How many extra chromosomes cause Down Syndrome
21
What is PKU
the inability to process proteins
what is muscular dystrophy
the weakness and shrinking of muscles
what is Fetal alcohol syndrome
brain damage and growth problems in the baby caused by the mother consuming alcohol during pregnancy. NON REVERSIBLE
If the Mother has an STD or STI can the fetus become infected
YES
what is cleft lip
when the tissue that makes up the lip does not join completely before birth. Resulting in an opening in the upper lip.
what is cerebral palsy
a group of disorders that affect movement and muscle tone or posture. Caused by damage that occurs to the immature brain as it develops.
what is spina bifida
when the baby’s spinal cord fails to develop properly. Often caused by women who take inadequate folate.
what is an ultrasound
utilizes sound waves to detect the health and development of the fetus
what is amniocentesis
inserting a needle through the abdominal wall and into the uterus and withdrawing some amniotic fluid to detect birth defects
what is labor
regular contractions of the uterus that result in dilation and effacement of the cervix
what is the “show”
a pinkish plug that covers the cervix, is released at the beginning of labor
what does water breaking during pregnancy mean
your amniotic sac is broken, releasing amniotic fluid
what is effacement
this refers to the thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth and is expressed in percentages
what is dilation
the extent to which the cervix has opened in preparation for childbirth. expressed in centimeters.
what are fontanels
soft spots between the unfused sections of the baby’s skull. These allow the baby’s head to compress slightly during passage through the birth canal
what is an episiotomy
a surgical incision made on the perineum used to enlarge the vaginal opening to help deliver a baby
what is station
refers to the position of the baby in the birth canal
what are contractions
the regular tightening of the uterus working to push the baby down the birth canal
what is delivery
the process of the fetus being expelled from the uterus
what are forcep/vacuum extractors
tools used by the obstetrician to guide the fetal head during delivery
what is lochia
bloody vaginal discharge comparable to a heavy period is seen. Lasting up to six weeks.
what is post partum
the time after delivery where rest is the mother’s primary physical need
what is crowning
when the baby’s head has passed through the birth canal and the top stays visible at the vaginal opening without slipping back inside
what is afterbirth
when the amniotic sac, placenta, and umbilical cord are expelled.
what is an epidural
medication given to relieve pain during labor and delivery, that is injected into a space within the expecting mother’s spinal cord region that numbs from the abdomen or pelvis downward
what is a midwife
registered nurse with additional training as a midwife or a person with formal training in childbirth without a nursing degree who delivers infants and provides prenatal and postpartum care
what is breech position delivery
feet or buttocks first
what is posterior position delivery
headfirst and face up
what is transverse position
fetus is laying sideway
