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Higher History > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Martial tradition
- the Webster and Dempster family lost 3 sons - they wanted to emulate their ancestors

A

Thus- Scot’s volunteered to emulate their ancestors and to gain a reputation back home

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2
Q

Media
- Scottish papers reported Germans were bayonetting babies

A

Thus Scot’s volunteered because they were surrounded by different things all around them

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3
Q

Unemployment
- 36% of miners in East Lothian were unemployed

A

Scot’s volunteered because they were desperate to find a way to provide for their families

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4
Q

Propaganda
- the kilted soldier was put on many posters as the model of bravery

A

Scot’s volunteered because they believed that Scot’s were the best and wanted to prove it

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5
Q

Posters
- there were posters with a kilted soldier that said “Do your duty for king and Country”

A

Scot’s volunteered because posters were everywhere and so men were always under pressure to sign up

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6
Q

Women’s actions
- suffragette hq in Glasgow stopped campaigning to hand out feathers to men who hadn’t volunteered

A

Scot’s volunteered because they were publicly shamed and signed up to meet expectations

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7
Q

Pals battalion
- former PM Lord Rosebury created a bantam battalion in Edinburgh

A

Scot’s volunteered because they believed it would be an adventure with their friends

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8
Q

Celebrities
- McCraes battalion allowed hearts fans to sign up and fight with their hero’s

A
  • Scot’s volunteered because they wanted to meet famous people and escape a boring life
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9
Q

Gas attacks
- the Canadian-Scottish regiment faced 178 tonnes of gas from the Germans at Ypres

A
  • this shows that the Scottish experienced horrible events they hadn’t encountered pre war
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10
Q

Rotation
- the troops in the black watch would spend an average of 4 days on the frontlines before rotating back

A
  • this shows that theexperience for Scottish soldiers was not just on the frontlines and there was some variety
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11
Q

Annoyances
- Scot’s were particularly disadvantaged by lice . They lived in the kilt and bit soldiers

A
  • the Scottish experience was irritating and agitating but poorer soldier may have experienced similar conditions pre-war
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12
Q

Trench foot
- the 51st Highland division claimed lowest number of casualties because thick kilt socks

A

The Scottish experience was in some cases horrific but for the majority it wasn’t much of a problem

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13
Q

Food
- Scot’s got some luxuries. Men of the Gordon Highlanders complained that their officers hoarded jam

A

The Scottish experience was boring food but it was 3 square a day which was an improvement for some

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14
Q

Heroics
- five victoria crosses were given out at the battle of loos
- piper laidlaw received one for playing the bagpipes despite being shot

A
  • Scottish experience was inspiring and fostering a national pride in their commitment and role in the national effort
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15
Q

Mental health
- Scot’s were sent to Craiglockhart hospital in Edinburgh for treatment

A

The Scottish experience was traumatic and life changing, especially those who required medical support

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16
Q

Friends lost
- the Webster family from Broxburn lost 3 sons between 1916 - 1917

A

Scottish soldiers had positive experience ie forming life long friends (short lives but still)

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17
Q

Somme (1916)
Which divisions ?

A

9th, 15th and 51st

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18
Q

Somme (1916)
Specific objectives?

A

The 51st highland division suffered heavy casualties (3500 troops) but succeeded in taking high wood

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19
Q

Somme (1916)
Specific loss

A

Many boys brigade members joined the HLI and later died
-> ~500 men form the same area

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20
Q

Somme (1916)
16th Royal scots

A

The 16th royal Scot’s lost 12 officers and 574 soldiers

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21
Q

Somme (1916)

A

The 9th Scottish division performed well, they lost many (~300 officers and ~7000 soldiers) but morale was high

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22
Q

Loos (1915)
Blackwatch

A

Blackwatch suffered heavy casualties
-The 9th lost 680 officers and men

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23
Q

Loos (1915)
How many people

A

30,000 Scot’s took part (36 Battalions)
1/3 of the names on the memorial are Scottish

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24
Q

Loos (1915)
Heroism

A

5 Victoria crosses were awarded at the battle!
Including Piper Laidlaw!

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25
Q

Loos (1915)
Leader

A

Douglas Haig is the man in charge of the battle

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26
Q

Conscription
Government intervention in society

A

> the 1916 military service act conscripted men aged 19 to 40 without their consent

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27
Q

Conscription
Anti war sentiment

A

The ILP was anti-war and arranged an anti-war protest attended by 5,000 people

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28
Q

Conscription
Religion

A

70% of Conchies were ILP, socialist atheists so religion wasn’t a factor for their actions

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29
Q

Conscription
Society becomes more left wing

A

Scottish ILP membership tripled (3,000 to 9,000) during the war

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30
Q

Conscription
Non combatants

A

7,000 Alternative conchies took non-combat roles (after being conscripted) such as stretcher bearing

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31
Q

Conscription
Prison

A

5970 conchies were imprisoned during the war

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32
Q

Conscription
Prison - postwar

A

1300 conchies were still in prison 5 months after the war ended

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33
Q

Conscription
Death/Prison

A

73 conchies died in prison due to poor conditions in prison

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34
Q

Commemoration
Scottish loss

A

The national war memorial cost £250,000 and was opened in 1927

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35
Q

Commemoration
Help the living

A

In leith money for a memorial was used to build a new children’s hospital

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36
Q

Commemoration
New ways to remember the dead

A

2 minute silence held on 11.11.1919, papers report busy streets in Edinburgh stopping everything

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37
Q

Commemoration
Local loss

A

Over 1,400 memorials were built in towns across Scotland

38
Q

Commemoration
Symbol

A

Lady haigs poppy factory in Edinburgh

39
Q

Commemoration
Moving forward

A

Portobello chose not to have a memorial

40
Q

Commemoration
Mass monuments

A

Pipers from the Scots guard played at the unveiling of the menin gate (1927)

41
Q

Commemoration
Equality in sacrifice

A

Pt. Robertson from Broxburn is buried in cabaret rouge CWGC cemetery, where all the headstones are identical

42
Q

DORA
Drinking

A

Drunkenness fell by 70% in Scotland (pub opening hours were reduced)

43
Q

DORA
Spying

A

Mona Jeffrey was arrested and taken to court for taking photos of the forth bridge

44
Q

DORA
Executions

A

Throughout the war 11 people were executed as spies , one being carl lody arrested in Edinburgh

45
Q

Women
Overall

A

The total number of women working increased from 590,000 in (1911) to 640,000 in (1921)

46
Q

Women
Munitionettes

A

9,000 women did dangerous work in Gretnas munition factory

47
Q

Women
Heavy industries

A

There were 30,000 women working in heavy industry in Scotland

48
Q

Women
Police

A

There were 150 female police officers working in Gretna

49
Q

Rent strikes

A

Around 25,000 women in Glasgow took part

50
Q

Rent strikes
Leaders

A

The key leaders were women, Helen Crawford and Mary Barbour.

51
Q

Rent strikes
ILP

A

The ilp was vital to the rent strikes, leader Mary Barbour learned nonviolent techniques from her time in the party

52
Q

Loss
Glasgow

A

18,000 men

53
Q

Loss
Royal scots

A

Scotland’s biggest + most active regiment, lost 11,000 soldiers and 600 officers

54
Q

Loss
Boys brigade

A

Boys brigade pals battalion lost 500 men during the Somme

55
Q

Loss
Local loss

A

Small communities were devastated because of the pals battalions. the Isle of Lewis lost 17% of men who served

56
Q

Loss
Total

A

An estimated 110,000 men died during/after the war

57
Q

Shipbuilding
Heavy industries boom

A

481 ships were built on the Clyde

58
Q

Metal working
Heavy industries boom

A

90% of British plate armour was produced in West Scotland

59
Q

Shipbuilding
Government support

A

Clyde shipyards like Fairfield’s were taken over by the gov. via the munitions of war act

60
Q

Shipbuilding
Lack of demand - Bust

A

1920s : employment in shipbuilding fell by 90%

61
Q

Metal working
International competition

A

North British locomotive company’s production declined by 2/3 post-war

62
Q

Metal working
Not diverse!

A

Half of Scotlands iron furnaces were dismantled by 1927

63
Q

Mining
High demand = boom

A

The Broxburn shale oil company saw a huge increase in profit and demand

64
Q

Mining
Traditional processes

A

Mining was a reserved occupation, thus 4/5 tonnes of coal were cut by hand

65
Q

Mining
Traditional processes

A

Women worked as miner during the war (creating tension in the work place)

66
Q

Mining
Traditional practices (bust)

A

No government support leads to a rush to modernise
1920s - coal industry employs a third less people

67
Q

Mining
Not diverse

A

Production fell from 42 million tonnes in 1913 to 30 million in the 1920s

68
Q

Mining
Heavy industries - Artificial

A

Broxburn oil company closed down due to lack of orders (1926)

69
Q

Agriculture
Emigration

A

Number of farm labourers falls from 107,000 to 89,000

70
Q

Agriculture
Demand due to army

A

Acreage devoted to oats increased by 25% during the war to feed horses

71
Q

Agriculture
Army uniforms

A

Shepherds wages double, government is buying their wool to make uniforms

72
Q

Agriculture
No government protection—> layoffs

A

1926 - there are only 26,000 farm workers which meant farms had to mechanise

73
Q

Agriculture
Highland difficulties…

A

The highland land issue - crofters fighting landowners in land raids

74
Q

Agriculture
Rationing

A

Rationing continued after the war (guaranteed profit)

75
Q

Textile
Specialist industries - Jute

A

Sandbags are in demand, Dundee had 69 factories. Production reaches 7 million a month

76
Q

Textile
High demand- jute

A

Dundee papers report “jute strands have turned to gold” such is there value

77
Q

Textiles
Specific demand - uniforms

A

Kinloch anderson (a tailor) switched their Edinburgh textile business to produce officer’s uniforms

78
Q

Textiles
International competition

A

Jute factories built in Calcutta, India

79
Q

Textile
Traditional processes

A

Dundee’s factory’s were using outdated and rundown machinery

80
Q

Textile
Not diverse

A

New materials and ways to package goods (paper, plastic) lead to decreased demand for jute

81
Q

Fishing
Emigration

A

Prewar 33,000 men worked in fishing compared to 22,000 postwar

82
Q

Fishing
Not diverse

A

Herring was in high demand
Over a million barrels of herring were produced throughout the war

83
Q

Fishing
Global trade

A

Prewar 2 million barrels of fish had been exported to Germany and Russia

84
Q

Fishing
Traditional processes

A

Port Buckie lost 120 steam boats to the army (either never returned or completely damaged)

85
Q

Fishing
Migration

A

Fishing experiences a decline . It employs ~33,200 in 1913
But only employs ~26,300 in 1926

86
Q

Fishing
Global trade

A

Usual markets in Germany and Russia remain lost due to revolution and economic depression

87
Q

Land issue
Manifesto

A

DLG manifesto offered land to men who joined the army, so ex-soldiers felt owed it

88
Q

Land issue
War issues

A

The war prevented investment into the highlands worsening the land issue

89
Q

Land issue
Raids

A

Men returning from the front felt betrayed that they were not provided homes fit for heroes, this lead to them forcibly occupying land to build crofts

90
Q

Radicalism
Anti-war

A

The ilp was fervently anti war, staging a protest 5 days after war was declared attended by 5,000 people

91
Q

Radicalism
Rent strikes

A
92
Q

Radicalism

A

Higher History (3 decks)

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