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General Microbiology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sterilize

A

Deconstruction or removal of all viable organisms

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2
Q

Decontamination

A

Make something safe to handle, reduce microbial loads

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3
Q

Disinfection

A

Killing, inhibition, Or removal of pathogenic organisms

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4
Q

Disinfectant

A

Agents used for disinfection of inanimate objects

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5
Q

Sanitization

A

Reduce overall microbial levels to safe levels

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6
Q

Antisepsis

A

Prevention of infection in or on living tissue

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7
Q

Antiseptic

A

Chemical agents that kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms on tissues

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8
Q

Goal of pasteurization

A

Kill pathogens and reduce overall microbial load

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9
Q

Method to control microbes that causes thymine dimmers in DNA

A

UV radiation

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10
Q

“Cold sterilization “

A

Ionizing radiation

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11
Q

Conditions influencing effectiveness of anti microbial agent

A

Population size
Population composition
Concentrstion of agent
Duration of exposure
Temp
Local environment

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12
Q

How to classify anti microbial drugs

A

Molecular structure
Mechanism of action
Spectrum of anti microbial activity

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13
Q

What do antimicrobial drugs target

A

Protein synthesis
Nuclei acid synthesis
Cell wall synthesis
Metabolic antagonist

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14
Q

Erythromycin

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor
Targets 50S ribosome subunit
Bacteriostatic

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15
Q

Ciproflaxin

A

Nuclei acid synthesis inhibitor
Interferes with bacterial dna gyrase
Bacteriocidal
Quinolone

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16
Q

Penicillin

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Beta lactam antibiotic
Bacteriocidal against growing cells

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17
Q

Sulfa drugs

A

Metabolic antagonist
Folic acid
Bacteriostatic
Synthetic drug

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18
Q

Mechanisms of bacterial resistance

A

Prevent entry
Efflux Pumps
Inactivation change target
Alternate pathways

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19
Q

Which type of food borne I’llness can antibiotics help

A

Food infection

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20
Q

Staph aureus

A

Food intoxication
Rapid onset
Due to handling food
Classic GI symptoms
Subnormal body temp

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21
Q

C botulinum

A

Neuro symptoms (paralysis)
Canned goods
Babies =infection
adults = intoxication

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22
Q

Botulism in babies

A

Infection

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23
Q

Botulism in adults

A

Intoxication

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24
Q

C perfringens

A

Classic GI symptoms
Huge infectious dose
Buffets/met slabs
Food infection

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25
Q

Salmonella enteric a

A

Classic GI
Gram neg bacillus
Food infection

26
Q

E. coli (EHEC)

A

Bloody diarrhea, kidney failure, HUS
Low infectious dose
Food infection

27
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Classic GI symptoms
Micraerophile, spirochete
Food infection

28
Q

Listeria mono cytogenes

A

Long incubation period (wks)
Leaves GI tract
Can cause sepsis, meningitis, miscarriage
Can cause blood brain barrier and placenta
Food infection

29
Q

Which diseases are food infection

A

Listeria
Campylobacter
E. coli
Salmonella
C perfringens
Botulism in babies

30
Q

Which diseases are food intoxication

A

S aureus
Botulism in adults

31
Q

Prion disease

A

Prions cause disruption of neural tissue
Depression, loss of motor, dementia
From meat

32
Q

Toxoplasma Gondi

A

Protozoan spread through cat feces or undercooked meat
Prenatal infection

33
Q

Probiotic benefits

A

Improve general and intestinal health and balance
Change immunomodulation
Improve lactose intolerance
Prevent diarrhea
Anti cancer effects
Reduce serum cholesterol
Treat enteric disease

34
Q

Mash

A

Malt + water

35
Q

Wort

A

Clear liquid containing fermentable carbs

36
Q

Bottle conditioning

A

Adding sugar and yeast to try to get bubbles

37
Q

Whiskey and bourbon start with

A

Sour mash

38
Q

Strep throat causative agent

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

39
Q

Streptococcus general characteristics

A

Gram positive coccus
Chains

40
Q

Strep route of transmission

A

Droplets

41
Q

Strep symptoms

A

Severe sore throat
White spots in back of throat
Fevef

42
Q

What can happen if strep isn’t treated

A

Cross reactivity of immune system
Rheumatic fever

43
Q

Hansens dx causative agent

A

Mycobacterium leprae

44
Q

Mycobacterium leprae characteristics

A

Acid fast
Rod shaped
Slow grower

45
Q

Hansens dx route of transmission

A

Unsure bc incubation period is years and most pppl have natural immunity
Think close contact
Know armadillos

46
Q

Hansen’s disease symptoms

A

Skin damage
Mucus membranes
Nerve damage
Ulcers
Nosebleed

47
Q

Zika virus family

A

Flavivirus

48
Q

Zika virus characteristics

A

Positive sense ssRNA

49
Q

Zika route of transmission

A

Mosquito bites mainly
Some person to person

50
Q

Zika symptoms

A

Not severe for most
Like 20% get mild symptoms
V dangerous for pregnant women
Microcephalic in Baby

51
Q

Influenza virus characteristics

A

Negative sense ssRNA virus

52
Q

Influenza route of transmission

A

Droplets
Surfaces

53
Q

Influenza symptoms

A

Rapid onset
Fever, aches, cough
Kids may get GI

54
Q

Monkey pox virus characteristics

A

Double strand DNA virus, ovoid shape

55
Q

Monkey pox route fo transmission

A

Person to person (droplets, rash, sexually)
Objects
Animals to people

56
Q

Monkey pox symptoms

A

Low mortality rate
Not as severe as smallpox
Starts with flulike symptoms then rash

57
Q

Malaria causative agent

A

Plasmodium falciparum
Protist

58
Q

Malaria route of transmission

A

Mosquitoes
Blood transfer

59
Q

Malaria uncomplicated symptoms

A

Cyclical flu symptoms bc parasites get into RBCs and lyse

60
Q

Malaria complicated symtpms

A

Cerebral malaria if they get into CNS (v high fever)
Black water fever if excess Hb damages RBCs and cUsss kidney damage leading to black urine

General Microbiology (2 decks)

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