Unit 3

Question 1

Organized on a similar hierarchical plan, sensory receptors, neural relays between the receptor and the neocortex, sensory coding and representation, perception

Answer 1

Common features of Sensory Systems

Question 2

Specialized cells that convert sensory energy into neural activity, each sensory receptor responds to a narrow band of energy

Answer 2

Sensory receptors

Question 3

Light every, mechanical energy, air-pressure waves, chemical energy

Answer 3

Forms of energy that sensory receptors of different sensory systems are responsive

Question 4

Ultraviolet vision, very low and very high frequency hearing, trace odor detection, seeing in dark, color vision

Answer 4

His sensory systems produce an idiosyncratic representation of reality for species and individuals

Question 5

Specific part of the world to which a receptor cell responds

Answer 5

Receptive field

Question 6

Each photoreceptor in the eye points in a slightly different direction and so has a unique receptive field, somatosensory receptors respond to stimulation on a very specific part of the skin

Answer 6

Examples of receptive fields

Question 7

The brain uses information from receptive fields to ______

Answer 7

Identify Information
Contrast Information

Question 8

Connections of receptors to cortex via intervening neurons

Answer 8

Neural Relays

Question 9

Depending on the sensory system, three (visual and somatosensory systems) or four intervening neurons, located in the spinal cord, brainstem, and neocortex

Answer 9

Characteristics of Neural Relays

Question 10

At each level, sensory information can be used to produce different adaptive responses.
Visual info at the level of the brainstem (superior colliculus) can produce eye movement.
Somatosensory (pain) info at the level of the spinal word can produce withdraw reflexes.

Answer 10

Major functional Consequences of having Neural Relays

Question 11

Subjective interpretation of sensations by the brain

Answer 11

Perception

Question 12

The context in which sensory impressions occur, emotional state, past experience

Answer 12

Factors that affect our sensory impressions

Question 13

Light energy —> Strikes photoreceptor —> Chemical reaction —> Change in membrane potential —> Release in neurotransmitter —> Effect on nearby neurons

Answer 13

Initial steps in visual processing (steps from light striking the photoreceptors to the release of a neurotransmitter onto nearby neurons)

Question 14

Rods and Cones are what?

Answer 14

Types of photoreceptors

Question 15

More numerous, low levels of brightness, night vision, periphery of the retina, one light absorbing pigment, one kind

Answer 15

Rods

Question 16

Less numerous, bright light, color vision, seeing fine detail, concentrated in the fovea, one of three light absorbing pigments, three kinds

Answer 16

Cones

Question 17

Photoreceptors connect to retinal ganglion cells via what number of cell types?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

Axons of the retinal ganglion cells form the ____ nerve

Answer 18

Optic

Question 19

Rods have which retinal ganglion cell type?

Answer 19

M Cells

Question 20

Cones have which retinal ganglion cell type?

Answer 20

P Cells

Question 21

Left visual field information goes to the ______ hemisphere

Answer 21

Right

Question 22

Right visual field information goes to the ____ hemisphere

Answer 22

Left

Question 23

Nasal information crosses, temporal information does not cross

Answer 23

Partial Crossing at the Optic Chiasm

Question 24

Projections from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex

Answer 24

Geniculostriate System (pathway)

Question 25

Projections from the retina to the superior colliculus to the pulvinar (thalamus) to the parietal and temporal visual areas

Answer 25

Tectopulvinar System

Question 26

Projections from occipital lobe, complex functions, color, form, and motion info are integrated

Answer 26

Features of Dorsal and Ventral Streams

Question 27

The superior colliculus is found in what region of the brain?

Answer 27

The midbrain’s tectum

Question 28

Produces orienting movements, detects and shifts the eyes toward stimuli

Answer 28

Functions of the tectum

Question 29

The pulvinar sends ______ information to the parietal and temporal lobes

Answer 29

“Where”

Question 30

Also called striate cortex and V1, part of the occipital cortex, layer IV. Receives input from the lateral geniculate nucleus.

Answer 30

Primary Visual Cortex

Question 31

Also called secondary visual cortex, the remaining visual areas in the occipital cortex

Answer 31

Extrastriate Cortex

Question 32

Color, form, and motion perception remain segregated in what?

Answer 32

V1 and V2