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AP Psych > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

neurons that carry info to the brain/spinal cord

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2
Q

Motor Neurons

A

neurons that carry info from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and and glands

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3
Q

Interneurons

A

neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate and intervene between sensory input and motor output

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4
Q

Action Potential

A

a brief electric charge traveling down an axon

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5
Q

Threshold

A

A minimum intensity of excitatory and inhibitory signals to trigger neuron impulse

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6
Q

Reuptake

A

the absorption by a presynaptic nerve ending of a neurotransmitter that it has secreted

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7
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Sensory and motor neurons connecting to the CNS to the body

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9
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

division of the peripheral nervous system controlling skelatal muscles

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10
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

peripheral nervous system part that contrals glands, and muscles in organs

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11
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

the division of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes energy in stressful situations

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12
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body to conserve energy

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13
Q

EEG

A

Amplified recording of brain’s electrical activity (“brainwaves”) via electrodes placed on scalp. Non-invasive

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14
Q

CT/CAT

A

X-rays give a 3D image of structure

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15
Q

PET

A

Tracks brain’s consumption of radioactive glucose injection, providing images of brain function. Expensive & lengthy

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16
Q

MRI

A

Strong magnetic field causes disorientation of atoms in brain; reorientation = signal as to soft tissue density (picture of brain structure)

17
Q

fMRI

A

Type of MRI that detects amount of bloodflow in different brain regions (proxy for oxygen consumption; brain function)

18
Q

Reticular Formation

A

between your ears. Filters info and diverts to other parts of brain

19
Q

Thalamus

A

top of brainstem. Its a sensory switchboard for everthing but smell. Sometimes gets replies from the higher brain

20
Q

Cerebellum

A

behind the brain stem. Helps with nonverbal learning and memory

21
Q

Limbic System

A

the part between the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres. Instinct and basic emotion. Amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus

22
Q

Amygdala

A

controls rage and fear

23
Q

Hypothalamus

A

below the thalamus. It largely controls bodily maintenance such as thirst, temperature, and sexual behavior. It monitors blood chemistry, and takes orders from other parts of the brain

24
Q

Frontal Lobes

A

part of cerebral cortex at front. Involved in speaking and muscle movement, planning and judgement

25
Q

Parietal Lobes

A

top of brain. Recieves sensory input for touch and body postition

26
Q

Occipital Lobes

A

back of head. Includes areas that recieve info from visual fields

27
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

above the ears. Takes in sounds from the opposite ear

28
Q

Aphasia

A

an impaired ability for language and can result from damage to any number of cortical areas

29
Q

Broca’s Area

A

associated with speech production and articulation. Takes the thought and turns it into words, then passes that to the motor cortex

30
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

language comprehension, whether it is written or spoken

31
Q

Plasticity

A

The ability of the brain to modify itself after damage

32
Q

Neurogenesis

A

The formation of new neurons

33
Q

Dual Processing

A

The unconsious and conscious brain activity

34
Q

Glial Cells

A

supports the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, providing nutrients, insulating myelin, and guiding neural connections.

35
Q

Endorphins

A

The bodies pain killer. come from the pituitary gland

36
Q

Association Areas

A

They integrate information using memories and inputs

37
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

It releases hormones that affect your behavior in many ways

38
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

fatty tissue encasing neuron fibers letting neural impulses travel faster

39
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

The wide band of axon fibers connecting the two hemispheres and carrying messages between them

AP Psych (1 decks)

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