Unit 3 Flashcards
Black Tuesday
Over 16,410,000 shares of stocks were sold on Wall Street.
Hoovervilles
Impoverished victims of the Great Depression slept in homeless tents. This ruined the reputation of Hoover’s administration.
Reconstruction Finance Cooperation
A government lending agency under Hoover that assisted insurance companies, banks, and local governments.`
Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act
Law that banned anti-unions, work contracts, and federal courts from allowing strikes. Labor friendly.
Bonus Army
20,000 veterans marched to Washington to demand immediate pay of bonuses after WW1.
20th Amendment
“Lame Duck Amendment” Changed inauguration date from March 4 to January 20.
Brain Trust
Specialists in law, economics, and welfare helped Franklin D. Roosevelt create policies of the New Deal.
New Deal
Economic and Political policies under Roosevelt that sought to solve the problems of the Great Depression.
Hundred Days
First 100 days of Roosevelt’s administration where a never done before amount of reform bills were passed to launch the New Deal.
Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act
Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; insured individual banking deposits.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
An agency that helped over 370 bank failures.
Civilian Conservation Corps
Government program created by Congress that hired young men to plant trees, fight fires, etc.
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Under Roosevelt, it gave 500 million dollars in federal funds to state agencies.
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Raised agricultural prices by paying farmers to not farm.
Court Packing Plan
Roosevelt’s scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over 70 who refused to retire.
Civil Works Administration
Created manual-labor jobs that were not permanent for millions of unemployed workers.
Father Charles Coughlin
Canadian American Catholic Priest; Founding Priest of National Shrine of the Little Flower.
Elenor Roosevelt
Franklin’s wife; first lady of the U.S. An American figure, activist, and diplomat.
Francis Perkins
An American workers-rights activist who was the 1st woman to serve in a presidential cabinet and she served as the 4th U.S. secretary of labor.
Mary McLeod Bethune
An American educator, philanthropist, womanist, civil right activist, and humanitarian. One of the earliest black activists.
21st Amendment
Repealed 18th Amendment; ended prohibition
National Recovery Administration
Known as “National Run Around” assisted with industry labor and the unemployed. Created a sense of fair competition.
Public Works Administration
Led by Sec. Of Interior Harold L. Ickes. It reduced unemployment and constructed new public buildings and roads.
Dust Bowl
Region in the Great Plains that had a lot of droughts and dust storms. Led to migration of “Okies” and “Arkies” To California.
Grapes of Wrath
Written by John Steinbeck; showed hardships of Great Depression and sympathy towards farmers.
Securities Exchange
Provided investors and markets with more reliable information and rules of honest dealing.
Tennessee Valley
One of the most revolutionary of New Deal. Provided low-cost housing, environmental improvement, and cheap electric power to Americans in the valley.
Social Securities Act
Provided for unemployment and old-aged insurance financed by a payroll tax on employees/employeers.
Wagner Act
Known as National Labor Relations Act. Protected the right of labor to organize in union and bargain with employees. Led to decades of labor protest.
Fair Labor Standards Act
Regulated minimum wages and maximum hours for workers in interstate commerce. Outlawed labor by children under 16, and Blacks, Mexicans, and women did not benefit from this act.
Congress of Industrial Organization
Broke away from the AFL in order to reorganize unskilled industrial workers despite their economy and status.
Keynesianism
Economic theory by John Maynard Keyes; central banks should adjust interest rates and governments should use deficit spending.
Schecter v. U.S.
Challenged Espionage and Sedition Act. “Clear and danger”
Federal Housing Administration
Modernized America’s mortgage system; improved housing stocks. Prevented millions of Americans from losing their homes; allowed Americans to purchase their first home.
Huey Long
“Kingfish” American politician who served as 40th governor of Louisiana and U.S. Senator until he was assassinated.
