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Ph 200 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Work:
Natural Theology

A

William Paley

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2
Q

Work:
Freedom of the Will

A

Jonathan Edwards

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3
Q

Work:
Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind

A

Thomas Reid

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4
Q

Work:
Fundamental Principles of Metaphysics of Morals

A

Immanuel Kant

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5
Q

Work:
Critique of Judgement

A

Immanuel Kant

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6
Q

Work:
Utilitarianism

A

John Stuart Mill

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7
Q

Work:
Manifesto of the Communist Party

A

Marx (and Engels)

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8
Q

Work:
The Descent of Man

A

Charles Darwin

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9
Q

Work:
Fear and Trembling

A

Soren Kierkegaard

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10
Q

Work:
Beyond Good and Evil

A

Friedrich Nietzche

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11
Q

Intelligent Design

Credibility of Miracles

A

William Paley

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12
Q

Who preached the sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”?

A

Jonathan Edwards

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13
Q

Idealism (Platonism)

Freedom of the Will

A

Jonathan Edwards

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14
Q

Who thought that space is the location in God’s mind where His thoughts project the material things that exist?

A

Jonathan Edwards

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15
Q

Who “believed that man’s will is free in that
his actions are unhindered expressions of his
desires [, but] a man’s will is not free in that its choices are determined by his nature and the motives available to him”?

A

Jonathan Edwards

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16
Q

Whose philosophical idea suggests that “according to common-sense philosophy,
everyone—even the skeptic—lives as if
certain ideas are true, such as…
*the existence of an immaterial self.
*an external world.
*man’s capacity for free moral agency”?

A

Thomas Reid

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17
Q

Common Sense

Freedom of the Will

A

Thomas Reid

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18
Q

Who believed that “inherent in moral liberty is the ability to have done otherwise than what one has chosen to do”?

A

Thomas Reid

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19
Q

Who believed in the “Freedom of the Will
… as a universal belief
… as a requirement
for moral accountability
… as a necessary cause
of wisely conceived and intentional action”?

A

Reid

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20
Q

Epistemology

Ethics

Aesthetics

History

A

Immanuel Kant

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21
Q

Whose philosophical ideas included the Noumenal Realm (rationally necessary and universal beliefs) as the foundation for the Phenomenal Realm (factual knowledge from experience)?

A

Kant

22
Q

Whose epistemology included both empiricism and rationalism?

A

Immanuel Kant

23
Q

What type of epistemology relies on sensations?

A

Empiricism

24
Q

What type of epistemology relies on the mind?

A

Rationalism

25
Q

Whose ideas of ethics included these “Categorical Imperatives”?
“1. Act according to that maxim
by which you can at the same time
will that it should become
a universal law.
2. So act as to treat humanity,
whether in thine own person
or that of any other,
in every case as an end withal,
never as means only.
3. Act in accordance
with the principle that the laws
to which you are subject
are those of your own giving.”

A

Immanuel Kant

26
Q

Whose aesthetics dealt with the question, “Is beauty ‘real,’ or is beauty only
in the eye of the beholder?”

A

Immanuel Kant

27
Q

According to Kant, which judgment “has universality and necessity [and] is the same for everyone and compels rational assent”?

A

Moral judgment

28
Q

According to Kant, which judgment “might not be able to compel assent but . . . might still be a basis for its universality (beyond personal preference)”?

A

Aesthetic judgment

29
Q

Who believed that aesthetic judgments are subjective rather than objective and universal rather than personal?

A

Kant

30
Q

According to whom, “a true aesthetic response to the beauty of an object is one of disinterested satisfaction—not connected to an assessment of the object’s utility or even considerations of preservation”?

A

Kant

31
Q

Who viewed aesthetics
“… as a matter of subjective evaluation
but with a universal basis
… as a matter of goodness apart from
pleasure
… as disinterested pleasure”?

A

Immanuel Kant

32
Q

Who believed that “the purpose of history might be to enable man to develop continually as a race, first in barbarous competition, but eventually under a rule of law that would make competition and peace simultaneously possible”?

A

Kant

33
Q

Who served as a member of Parliament and called for women’s suffrage?

A

John Stuart Mill

34
Q

What philosophy was adopted by J. S. Mill and involves consequential (outcome-based) ethics?

A

Utilitarianism

35
Q

Who distinguished between quantitative pleasures (physical pleasures) and qualitative pleasures (pleasures of the intellect and feelings)?

A

J. S. Mill

36
Q

What type of politics says that “governments ought to provide for the greatest happiness for the greatest number”?

A

Utilitarian politics

37
Q

Utilitarian Ethics

Utilitarian Politics

A

Mill

38
Q

Bourgeoisie and Proletariat

Worker Alienation

Surplus Labor

Private Property

A

Karl Marx (and Engels)

39
Q

Who believed that capitalism alienates the worker from his work, from himself, from nature, and from humanity?

A

Karl Marx

40
Q

Who used the phrase: “From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs”?

A

Marx (and Engels)

41
Q

Natural Selection

Continuity between human beings and animals

A

Charles Darwin

42
Q

Who sailed on a voyage on the HMS Beagle?

A

Darwin

43
Q

Existentialism

Faith and Fact

Ethics

A

Kierkegaard

44
Q

Who said that “to choose amidst doubt is to live authentically”?

A

Kierkegaard

45
Q

Whoh believed that “A concern for evidence (i.e. facts) shows hostility to faith. . . [and that] the presence of facts negates the possibility of true faith”?

A

Kierkegaard

46
Q

Whose ethics included three levels of moral knowledge, one of which is the aesthetic stage? (“The aestheticist dabbles in ethical views and life choices but lacks the passion or commitment necessary to find true moral knowledge.”)

A

Kierkegaard

47
Q

Biblical ethics is both ________________ and _________________.

A

propositional and personal

48
Q

“God is dead”

The Overman

A

Friedrich Nietzsche

49
Q

Who suffered a mental collapse?

A

Friedrich Nietzsche

50
Q

Who believed that “The only measure of good is one’s ‘will to
power.’ Man’s nature is determined (by
nature), and there is no basis for moral
constraint”?

A

Nietzche

51
Q

Who “rejects the concept of man’s
moral free will in order to liberate him from
external constraint and guilt, but then
emphasizes man’s will to power in order to
give man the capacity to do as he pleases”?

A

Nietzsche

Ph 200 (1 decks)

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