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hscl 219 (ocular) > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Eyelashes, eyebrows, blinking is a _ structure

A

protective

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2
Q

Obicularis oculi

A

(CLOSES upper and lower lids)

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3
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

OPENS upper eyelid

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4
Q

Glands of Krause

A

BENEATH the palpebral conjunctiva (between fornix and edge of tarsus)

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5
Q

Glands of Wolfring

A

near UPPER border of superior tarsal plate and LOWER border of inferior tarsus

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6
Q

Lacrimal gland is for the _ of _

A

production of tears

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7
Q

Tears move by (a) ____ and (b) into __ passage

A

a. blinking
b. nasal passage

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8
Q

Valve of Rosenmuller is at the (start/end) of the __ __

A

start of the lacrimal sac

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9
Q

Valve of Hasner is at the (start/end) of _ duct (prevents blackflow of tears)

A

End of the NASALLACRIMAL`

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10
Q

2 purposes of tears

A
  1. lubricates eye
  2. protects agains microbes
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11
Q

Tear FILM is responsible for 4 things

A
  1. comfort
  2. protection
  3. epithelial health (corneal and conjunctival)
  4. refracts for vision
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12
Q

Tear FILM has 3 layers (hint = LAM)

A
  1. Lipid
  2. Aqueous
  3. Mucous
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13
Q

Lipid layer

A

Tear film layer that helps STOP EVAPORATION

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14
Q

Aqueaous Layer

A

Layer that washes away foreign bodies

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15
Q

Mucous Layer

A

Reduces friction

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16
Q

Iris Sphincter

A

when the circular muscle contracts
and
the radial muscle relaxes
then pupil REDUCES in size

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17
Q

Iris Dilator

A

spoke-shape
when the radial muscle contracts and the circular muscles relaxes
PUPIL OPENS WIDER

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18
Q

Radial muscle does what to pupil

A

Opens pupil wider

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19
Q

Circular muscle does what to pupil

A

Reduces pupil

20
Q

Can the radial and circular muscles work at the same time?

A

No, they are antagonistic

21
Q

ParaSYMPATHETIC

A

rest and digest (reading: pupil constricts)

22
Q

SYMPATHETIC

A

fight and flight reflect reaction to stress (to let more light in)

23
Q

Pupils are impacted by these 4 things

A
  1. light
  2. accommodation
  3. age
  4. injury
24
Q

OculoMOTOR CN3 is a (1) _ nerve.
If it is damaged, the pupil will (2) _

A
  1. vulnerable
  2. dilate
25
Q

AFFERENT Pathway is the RED pathway (goes from _ to _)

A

from EYE to BRAIN
(red pathway)

26
Q

EFFERENT Pathway is the BLUE Pathway (goes from _ to _)

A

from BRAIN to BOTH EYES

27
Q

MEIBOMIAM glands - if oil (meibum) is thickened, it can indicate _ disease

A

dry eye disease

28
Q

GLAUCOMA occurs when there is damage to the ___ cell layer which leads to (thinning or thickening) of the fiber layer

A

ganglion cell layer

thins fiber layer

29
Q

GLAUCOMA results in loss of TISSUE within the optic nerve. See a ___ with a THINNER rim

A

DISC with a thinner rim

30
Q

GLAUCOMA results in production of _ (mucus, aqueous, or lipid?) humour

A

aqueous humor

(flows FROM pupil TO anterior chamber)

31
Q

When you have GLAUCOMA, the AQUEOUS humour is drained through (1) TM (=__ __), into the (2) S___’s canal, and into (3) v_ system

A
  1. trabecular meshwork
  2. Schlemm’s canal
  3. venous system
32
Q

RODS: (1) _ goes through cells > photoreceptors > (2) c__ transformation > breaks (3)p_ down to release a (4) n___ impulse which sends signal through RETINA to GANGLION cell

A
  1. light
  2. chemical transformation
  3. breaks down PIGMENT
  4. nerve impulse
  5. retina
  6. ganglion cell
33
Q

L cones - visual pigment that is the color _

A

L = red

34
Q

M cones - visual pigment that is the color _

A

M = green

35
Q

S cones - visual pigment that is the color _

A

blue

36
Q

CONES have HIGHEST density in which area of the eye?

A

CENTRAL AREA (dense part of CONES)

37
Q

RODS have HIGHEST density in which area of the eye?

A

dense in the peripheral RETINA

38
Q

rhoDOPSIN is the name of the VISUAL pigment in rods or cones?

A

rods

39
Q

Is rhoDOPsin more or less senstive to light than phoTOPsins?

A

More sensitive
BECAUSE
rhoDOPsins pick up signals in the dark

40
Q

When multiple rods converge signals, SENSITIVITY is gained but what is lost?

A

Fine detail (or visual acuity)

41
Q

MONOchromacy

A

no colour (only rods; no cones)

42
Q

DIchromacy

A

two cones only

43
Q

PROtanopia is a colour vision defect missing the _ cone opsin.

A

Red

44
Q

DEUTERanopia is a colour vision defect missing the _ cone opsin.

A

Green

45
Q

TRItanopia is a colour vision defect missing the _ cone opsin.

A

Blue

46
Q

triCHROMacy is normal colour vision with how many cone opsins

A

3

47
Q

2 forms of monoCHROMacy are

A

Cone monoCHROMacy (only cones)
Rod monoCHROMacy (only rods)

hscl 219 (ocular) (5 decks)

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