Unit 3 Flashcards
Name the 4 NEW ENGLAND colonies.
Massachusetts—New Hampshire—Connecticut—Rhode Island
Name the 4 MIDDLE colonies.
New York—New Jersey—Pennsylvania—Delaware
Name the 5 SOUTHERN colonies.
Virginia—Maryland—North Carolina—South Carolina—Georgia
Who founded Virginia? What type of colony was it?
Virginia Company/Joint-Stock Company; Corporate Colony -> Royal Colony
Who founded Maryland? What type of colony was it?
Lord Baltimore/George Calvert; Proprietary Colony
Who founded North Carolina? What type of colony was it?
Eight Nobles; Proprietary Colony -> Royal Colony
Who founded South Carolina? What type of colony was it?
Eight Nobles; Proprietary Colony -> Royal Colony
Who founded Georgia? What type of colony was it?
James Oglethorpe; Proprietary -> Royal Colony
Who founded Massachusetts? What type of colony was it?
Massachusetts Bay Company/Puritans; Royal Colony
Who founded New Hampshire? What type of colony was it?
John Wheelwright; Royal Colony
Who founded Connecticut? What type of colony was it?
Thomas Hooker; Royal Colony
Who founded Rhode Island? What type of colony was it?
Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson (Exiles from Massachusetts); Proprietary Colony
Who founded New York? What type of colony was it?
The Dutch; Proprietary Colony
Who founded New Jersey? What type of colony was it?
Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret; Proprietary Colony -> Royal Colony
Who founded Pennsylvania? What type of colony was it?
William Penn; Proprietary Colony
Who founded Delaware? What type of colony was it?
Pennsylvanians; Proprietary Colony
King Philip was a Native American who started war against the New England colonies. What was he known as to his people?
Metacom
What casualties occurred during the war against Metacom and the New England colonies?
16 colonial villages were destroyed and 10% of military age men died
What happened to Metacom and his family in the end?
The English killed Metacom, sold his wife and children, then displayed his head at Plymouth for 20 years.
What was Mercantilism?
It was commonly practiced in the 17th and 18th centuries. They believed a nation’s power is directly tied to wealth.
Explain how colonial trade was restricted due to Mercantilism.
It was restricted to prevent wealth from reaching England’s competition. Any goods traded had go be shipped on British ships with a 75% British crew.
Certain products could only be sold to Britain. (Tobacco, sugar, molasses, fur, etc)
What was Salutary Neglect?
Britain relaxed the enforcement of trade laws on the colonies after the glorious revolution. As time went on, this ended and laws were even more enforced.
Why were the Middle Colonies created?
To consolidate the English crown.
Why were the Southern Colonies created?
Economic reasons.
Why were the Northern Colonies created?
For religious reasons.
What was protestantism and how did it come to be?
Protestants were Christians who were not Catholics. It began when Martin Luther challenged the Catholic church teachings. It also began in England when Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife and the pope wouldn’t let him.
What were puritans?
They wanted the Church of England to be purified. They punished people for theft, laziness, drunkness, and believed god wanted people to work hard.
Name the colonial cash crops.
Cotton, tobacco, rice, and indigo.
What was the first attempt at a English settlement in the New World?
Roanoke
What happened to Roanoke?
John White, the governor of Roanoke, sailed back to England to get supplies. When he arrived, a war broke between England and Spain so he was unable to return for around 3 years. The 115 people he left were had vanished without a trace.
Were any clues left behind about what happened to Roanoke?
The word “Croatoan”, the name of an island south of Roanoke, was carved into a wooden post.
What was the first successful English colony in the new world?
Jamestown
Who created Jamestown?
The Virginia Company of London
Jamestown almost failed until 1 man saved it. Who was the man and what did he do?
John Rolfe; Introduced a new strain of tobacco that was highly profitable
What did Cecil Calvert’s Act of Toleration do?
Gave religious freedom to all Christians, but called for the death of other religions.
How did Bacon’s Rebellion influence America’s development?
It caused slavery to grow
What was New York originally called by the Dutch?
New Amsterdam
