Unit 3 Flashcards
What is the definition of motivation?
The direction and intensity of ones effort.
What are some psychological characteristics that may affect people?
Confidence, motivation, commitment, perseverance, planning skills, imagery and mental toughness. . .
How would commitment affect an athlete and their performance?
If an athlete is always committed to a sport they will go to training all their time and will be motivated highly and always put their best effort in and this will eventually improve their performance. However if an athlete is not committed to a sport then they will usually decline in performance levels as they wont be motivated to train or become better.
What is Amotivation.
Amotivation is the complete absence of motivation.
What is intrinsic motivation and what are some examples of it.
Intrinsic motivation involves people being motivated by factors such as enjoyment and excitement.
What is extrinsic motivation?
Extrinsic motivation is when people are motivated for external things such as prize money , trophies, praise and recognition.
Who can influence a persons motivation the most?
Teachers/Sports coach/instructors/parents
What does T stand for in smart target/
Target
What does A stand for in Target
Authority
What does R stand for in target?
Recognition
Trait theory
Suggests someone is made up of traits and they are consistent ways of behaving
What does T stand for at the end of target?
Timing
What does G stand for in target?
Grouping
How would a Childs parents influence their participation within sport?
Modelling, social influence and providing support.
Eg(providing travel/ equipment/ paying subs)
What does E stand for in target?
Evaluation
Social learning theory
Suggests someone’s personality is learned through modelling behaviors, usually role models, and a persons behavior is dictated through society.
What is over motivation?
This occurs when a person has unrealistic goals and their behavior changes as they want something so much that they obsess over it.
Some signs of overmotivation?
can show itself as overtraining
exercise addiction
some withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety/irritable/guilt and muscle twitching
prioritizing exercise over social life
Effects of over motivation
overconfidence which can lead to more success
sometimes a burnout and a lot of stress on the body
burnouts often involve in social withdrawal
Definition of Arousal
State of alertness and anticipation
What are some physical signs of high arousal levels?
increased heart rate/sweating/increased respiratory rate
A psychological factor of high arousal levels
increased attention
What sports need low levels of arousal?
Golf Archery
What sports need high levels of arousal?
boxing MMA rugby
What can happen if an athletes arousal levels are too high?
Increases muscle tension
Increased fatigue
Decrease in coordination
What is a flow state?
Your arousal levels has produced an optimum attention span and you feel absorbed in the activity and everything seems to be working.
What is choking?
When a persons arousal levels have gone beyond the ideal performing rate and large errors are made and performance detiorates. The attention span narrows and you miss vital information
What is Eustress?
A positive form of stress which is exciting, stimulating and gives a person energy.
What is distress?
A negative form of stress which is an extreme form of anxiety and it comes after a person perceives that they cannot meet demands.
What is internal stress?
persoanl sources( thoughts and feelings about ourselves, high trait anxiety=more stress, low self esteem= more stress.)
What is external stress?
situational sources( importance of event and uncertainty of outcome)
What is trait anxiety?
find that many situations make someone anxious. Tend to worry a lot and view situations as threatening.
What is state anxiety?
Situational anxiety. EG- being faced by a dangerous animal.
Cognitive effects of stress (Thoughts)
Reduced concentration/unable to make decisions/sleep disturbance/unable to relax/quick loss of temper.
Somatic effects of stress (physical)
Racing heart rate/faster breathing/butterflies/chest tightness/dry mouth.
Behavioral effects of stress (behavior)
Talking too quickly/fidgeting/moodiness/interrupting conversations/clumsiness
Competitive anxiety
anxiety of an individual in competitive situations such as sports events.
Definition of agression
feelings of anger resulting in hostile behavior.
What is Gills criteria and what’s in it?
Gills criteria is 4 things that aggression has to be to be aggression.
1- Must be physical or verbal behavior.
2-It must involve causing harm or injury, physically/psychology.
3-Directed towards another LIVING BEING.
4-There must be intention to cause harm
Assertive behavior
When a person plays sport with high energy and emotions but within the rules of the game such as a hard tackle in football.
Instrumental aggression
Act of aggression used to achieve a non aggressive goal.
Hostile aggresion
Primary goal is to inflict harm, purely for the sake of it.
Relational aggression
Involves spreading negative rumor’s or obstructing someone socially
Self confidence
The belief you can perform a desired behaviour
Over confidence
These people exude false confidence that is not backed up by their skill level. often leads to complacency.
Over confidence
These people exude false confidence that is not backed up by their skill level. often leads to complacency.
Self efficacy
It is expectations of success within specific situations rather than a range.
self esteem
It is a description of what we think of ourselves, our overall self worth and personal value.
What will a perfectionist do?
A perfectionist will set very high standards for themselves and they will worry more and have more trait anxiety.
need achievement theory basics
describes wether we are motivated to succeed or avoid failure
drive theory
As arousal levels increase so does performance
inverted u hypothesis
At IPS performance levels will be at highest but too much or too little arousal and performance levels will be lower.
catastrophe theory
when arosual levels have gone beyond ips there could be a sudden drop in performance also known as choking.
multidimensional anxiety theory
as CSA increases performances may drop and increases in SSA will improve performance but only up to a certain point.
social learning aggression theory
states that aggression is a behavour we learn from observing others and experiencing reinforcment such as praise
frustration aggression theory
aggression comes from being frustrated about not achieving goals
10000 hours rule
if you reach 10000 hours in a specific sport such as football it can be said that you have perfected it
tuckamns 5 stages of group development
forming storming norming performing adjourning
what 2 causes help a team stick together
the attractiveness of the group to members and the extent at which team members are willing to work together.
prescribed leader
leader assigned by authority such as a manager
emergent leader
a leader who comes out on their own and take responsibility.
