Unit 3 Flashcards
(97 cards)
psychedelics and consciousness
decrease functional connectivity w/n default network (alter sense of self)
-increase functional connectivity b/w primary visual cortex and brain (hallucinations, synaesthesia)
default mode network
linked to higher order consciousness (daydreaming, self reflection, recalling memories, feeling complex emotions)
- overactive in depression
- Alzheimer’s disease possibly targets default mode network (memory)
- attention: allows attention to internal thoughts and stimuli
higher order consciousness
metaconsciousness, sense of self, emotions, memories
primary consciousness
awareness and perception of environment and senses (e.g. sights, sounds, etc.)
locked-in syndrome
when people are consciously aware, but cannot physiologically respond (low wakefulness)
locked-in syndrome and fMRI
asked control patients and patients diagnosed as vegetative state yes/no questions
- if yes: imagine playing tennis (triggers motor cortex)
- if no: imagine navigating familiar environment
- fMRI results indicated that functional connectivity was similar among control and vegetative state patients –> locked in syndrome
coma
low levels of wakefulness and consciousness
lucid dreaming
low level of wakefulness, high consciousness
-being aware/controlling dreams
change blindness
being unaware of changes b/w two alternating images b/c selective attention is directed elsewhere (color of dude’s pants)
inattentional blindness
being unaware of stimuli b/c attention is directed elsewhere (gorilla)
early stage selection model
sensory input –> filter is applied before information is perceived (e.g. processed) based on rudimentary/physical characteristics –> attended messages are passed through to next stage of processing
late stage selection model
sensory input–> all information is perceived/processed –> we are only consciously aware of some of the info processed/perceived
problems with early stage selection model
experimental evidence: some info that is “unattended” can still pass through filter and be processed at later stages (e.g. yelling your name during cocktail party phenomenon of cat/dog)
Dorsal Attention Network
allows for selective attention of external stimuli, communicates with sensory and motor networks (e.g. directing visual field, swiveling eyes around, moving hands) to influence perception and coordinate movement
top-down attention
controlled, voluntary, goal-oriented
e.g. looking for Waldo in Where’s Waldo
external: deliberating trying to swat annoying mosquito
Internal: actively thinking/pondering philosophy
bottom-up attention
unintentional, automatic, reflexive
e.g. scanning a book and red text standing out
Internal: distracting thoughts when taking exam
External: noticing annoying mosquito
salience networks
involved in internal and external bottom-up attention
-activate in response to highly salient (captivating) stimuli/emotions
divided attention
multitasking, when attention is split between two stimuli
e.g. mind-wandering, distracted driving
modal model of memory
Input → sensory memory (seconds-long, ex. object permanence, immediate) → short-term memory (up to 30 seconds, limited capacity, can prolong duration through mental rehearsal (e.g. vocalizing, constantly repeating in your mind)) → long term memory (last for days, years, and even decades, larger capacity)
explicit memory
declarative: episodes and facts, memories that you can describe/declare
- episodic and semantic
implicit memory
nondeclarative: skills, associations, and habits
- procedural memory, priming, conditioning
episodic memory
particular events (e.g. first day of school)
semantic memory
memory of facts (capital of France)
procedural memory
implicit; skills (e.g. riding a bike)