Unit 3 Flashcards
Listening is an active skill that is part of a two-way process, so that it should not be viewed as the…
“Cinderella skill” (Mendelshon, 1994).
What does the term “motherese”, also known as “baby talk” mean?
It refers to an exaggerated and somewhat musical form of speech. The first documented use of the term “baby talk”, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, was in 1836.
What are the kinds of listening purposes?
- To physically settle students when they are too boisterous.
- To stir pupils when they are tired or bored. -To improve the general listening attitude. -To develop aspects of language. -To reinforce conceptual development. -To interact with others.
What does “intelligent Guessing” (Ellis and Girad, 2003) encompass?
- Predicting.
- Working out the meaning from context.
- Recognizing discourse patterns and markers.
What is the difference between “top-down” and “bottom-up processing”?
Following, Harmer, J. (2014) In top-down processing, the listener gets a general view of the listening passage by, in some way, absorbing the overall picture. In bottom-up processing, the listener focuses on individual words and phrases, and achieves understanding by stringing these detailed elements together to build up a whole.
What factors contribute to listening difficulty?
1) The type and length of the text the children listen to.
2) The familiarity of the person whom they are listening to.
What are the three stages of listening?
Pre-listening, while-listening and post-listening.
What is formulaic language?
It consists of routines or patterns which the children memorize.1.Simple Greetings: Hello! How are you?/I’m fine, thank you. And you?
- Social English: Did you have a good weekend?
- Routines: What’s the weather like? /what’s the day today?
- Classroom language: Sit down/ Well done!/Stand up
- Asking Permission: Can I close the window, please?/ Can I go to the toilet, please?/Can I borrow your pencil, please?
- Seasonal Greetings: Merry Christmas!/ Happy birthday!
- Communication strategies: Can you repeat that, please?/ What does….. mean, please?
What techniques related to reading do you know?
Firstly, Reconstruction activities: Here the text has been modified by the teacher in some way so that the children can match parts of sentences or “speech bubbles” to characters, fill-in-the-gaps, complete tables, flow charts, etc. Secondly, Analysis activities: Pupils look for specific information to organize it in some way. They may label parts of a text using labels or underline specific parts of a text using different colours. Finally, Reading Awareness Activities are focused on the grammatical, phonological or discursive rules underlying communicative language use by helping them to infer or discover the rules from written texts.
What are the stages of writing, according to Kroll and Wells?
1st. The preparatory stage is when the child acquires the basic mechanisms of handwriting and spelling, which become automatic by the age of seven.
2nd The Consolidation stage is when writing is still personal, colloquial, situational and context-bound. By the age of seven and nine years, native-speakers children are becoming fluent story writers.
3rd The differentiation stage is reached at around nine or ten years of age, when writing is becoming more distinct.
What did Palmer (1991) do?
He applied the VARK model to spelling. This model distinguishes between four learning styles: 1)Visual 2)Auditory 3)Kinaesthetic 4)Linguistic
How can we integrate the 4 linguistic skills in the classroom?
Through the implementation of CLIL and Task-based approach.
