Unit 3 Flashcards
the totality of an organism’s
chemical reactions
metabolism
begins with a
specific molecule and ends with a product. Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme
metabolic pathway
consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
anabolic pathways
release energy by breaking down
complex molecules into simpler compounds
catabolic pathways
the reactant an enzyme acts on
substrate
Binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate
complex
enzyme
the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds
active site
Brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the chemical reaction
induced fit
- Orienting substrates correctly
- Straining substrate bonds
- Providing a favorable microenvironment
- Covalently bonding to the substrate
the active site lowers an E_A barrier by:
each enzyme has an optimal temp and pH in which it can function
enzyme & temperature / pH
non-protein enzyme helpers; inorganic
cofactors
organic cofactors; ex: vitamins
coenzymes
• Bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the
substrate
competitive inhibitors
Bind to another part of an enzyme, changing
the function
•Noncompetitive inhibitor
when a protein’s function at one site is affected by binding of a regulatory molecule at another site; many enzymes are this
they change shape when regulatory molecules bind to specific sites, affecting function
Allosteric regulation
