Unit 2A (cognition and memory) Flashcards
Retroactive interference
New memories make it hard to remember old one [EX. Your new # makes it hard to remember the old one]
Proactive interference
Old memories make it hard to remember new ones [EX. Forgetting a new password cause you keep trying to use your old one]
Mental set
Approaching a Problem in a way that’s worked before [Ex. Being used to using a certain formula to solve a math problem but now you have to use a new one so your mental set (the old one/ one your used to) will prolly get in the way of the new one]
Effortful processing
Requires attention and effort and it leads to better long term memory retention and deeper understanding EX. Studying
Automatic processing
Type of encoding that is unconscious, and consists of incidental information. Ex. Recognizing the faces of familiar people
Algorithms
A step by step process that assure a precise answer but is more time consuming ex. Using a formula to find the area of a triangle
Heuristic
More of a short cut and can sometimes lead to mistakes [EX. Always in turning right in a maze to get out faster{
The relearning effect
When learning something a 2nd time it will be quicker and easier to recall. ex. Relearning a language after years of not speaking it, finals, relearning an instrument or a certain piece
Hindsight bias
People convince themselves they predict something before it happens EX. After taking a test you see what question you got wrong and your like “ ohhh yeah ik that answer”
Availability heuristic
Judging how likely an event is to happen based on how easily info about it is available ex. Shark attacks plane accidents
Representativeness heuristic
Judging the likely hood of an even by comparing it to an existing schema / prototype EX. we assume the person who believes in horoscopes is more likely to be a spiritual healer than a nurse
Functional fixed
Prior experiences inhibit the ability the ability to find creative solutions EX. You can use a wrench to drive a nail into wood not just a hammer
Gamblers fallacy
The chances of something happening with a fixed probability becomes high or lower as the process repeats EX. “I’ve lost 6 times 7 gotta be the one”
Sunk cost fallacy
Our tendency to continue with something that we’ve already invested in heavily (finishing a movie even though you hate cz you alr bought the tickets so might as well see it through)
Confirmation bias
Looking for info that supports you pov and ignoring what doesn’t EX. Me trunks support my thesis
Priming
The activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory EX. People are more likely to think pepper when told salt instead of like car or mustard or something
