Unit 2.5 (2) - Response and Regulation

Question 1

What is the method of diagnosis for diabetes?

Answer 1

Detecting glucose in a person’s urine - strongly heating a urine sample with Benedict’s solution, the sample will change from blue to brick-red if positive.

Question 2

What are the treatments of diabetes?

Answer 2

Type 1 sufferers must monitor their blood glucose level throughout the day and must inject insulin, although they can help to control it by being careful with their diet and exercising. Type 2 can be controlled by diet and exercise.

Question 3

What are the body’s responses to an increase in temperature?

Answer 3

Hair erector muscles relax, causing hairs to lie flat, so no warm air trapped; sweat glands release sweat, which evaporates, cooling the skin; capillaries dilate, so more blood flows close to skin, and heat is lost at the surface.

Question 4

What are the body’s responses to an decrease in temperature?

Answer 4

Hair erector muscles contract, causing hairs to stand on end, trapping a layer of warm air; body shivers, so muscles generate heat through respiration; capillaries constrict, so less blood flows close to skin and less heat is lost at the surface.

Question 5

Describe the principle and purpose of negative feedback systems.

Answer 5

Negative feedback mechanisms maintain optimal internal conditions, as any change from the optimum results in hormonal and nervous systems compensating for the change and restoring the balance.

Question 6

What are the effects of alcohol on the body?

Answer 6

Alcohol changes various chemical processes in the body, including reaction time; long-term use causes liver, heart and circulatory conditions; people become addicted to, and suffer withdrawal symptoms without, it.

Question 7

What are the effects of drugs on the body?

Answer 7

Stimulants speed up nerve impulses, depressants slow them down. Drug misuse (overdose or illegal drugs) can have health impacts; can have social impacts.

Question 8

Define diabetes.

Answer 8

A common disease in which a person has a high blood glucose level.

Question 9

Explain the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Answer 9

Type 1 is caused by the body not producing insulin. Type 2 is caused by body cells not properly responding to the insulin that is produced.

Question 10

What are the causes of Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 10

Caused by damage to beta cells in the pancreas which produce insulin - can be inherited, or due to contracting particular viruses and the body’s response to them.

Question 11

What are the (believed) causes of Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 11

There is a link between rising rates of obesity and Type 2 diabetes.