Unit 2.4 - ionic bonds

Question 1

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

Chemical bonding between metal (cations) and non-metal (anions) ions. The purpose of this bonding is for all atoms involved to get a full valence shell and become stable.

The oppositely charged ions attract each other to form ionic bonds that hold them together. This is called an ionic compound.

Question 2

How are ionic compounds shown on a diagram?

Answer 2

1. Draw the different atoms on the left hand-side. Lable them, only outermost shell.
2. Show electrons from metal atom(s) escaping to non-metal atom(s). One type of atom must have electrons represented with dots and the other with crosses.
3. Draw an arrow to the right
4. Draw the two atoms as ions (with square brackets and charge) side by side. Amount of same type ions can be shown on the lower right side of bracket.
5. Label them with their symbol and electronic configuration

Question 3

Lattice definition

Answer 3

Repeating pattern of particles in a structure. All pure solids have this structure

Question 4

How are ions bonded to each other?

Answer 4

They are bonded to oppositely charged ions in a 3D repeating regular arrangement of huge numbers called an ionic lattice. Ions attract in all directions, making a giant structure of many ions.

Question 5

What are the forces of attraction between anions and cations called?

Answer 5

Electrostatic

Question 6

How are ionic compounds named?

Answer 6

Cation + anion (ending with ide)

Question 7

What are polyatomic ions?

Answer 7

An ion composed of more than one atom.
-ate endings = oxygen present

Question 8

What does the type of bonding between atoms determine?

Answer 8

Physical properties of a substance

Question 9

What is a volatile substance?

Answer 9

A substance that evaporates easily/has low mp and bp

Question 10

Properties of giant ionic substances/ionic compounds

Answer 10

• low volatility (high mp) - the stronger the bonding, the more energy is needed to break the bonds, and ionic bonds between ions are very strong
• soluble in water
• conducts electricity when in liquid form/molten/dissolved - when ionic compounds are melted, ions can move around freely which enables them to carry a charge through the liquid

Question 11

When is a substance conductive?

Answer 11

When it contains mobile charged particles that can form an electric current