Unit 2.1 - Subcellular Components Flashcards
What is apoptosis?
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. It’s a way for the body to get rid of old, unnecessary, or damaged cells.
What is ATP?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a high-energy molecule that stores and provides energy for many biochemical reactions in the cell.
What are cell walls?
Cell walls are rigid layers surrounding some types of cells providing structural support and protection.
What is cellulose?
Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate, or polysaccharide, that is composed of glucose units and forms the main component of plant cell walls.
What are centrioles?
Centrioles are cylindrical structures found in most eukaryotic cells, involved in cellular division and the formation of spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during mitosis.
What is chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that absorbs light energy to carry out photosynthesis.
What are chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some algae that conduct photosynthesis, absorbing sunlight and using it with water and carbon dioxide to produce food for the plant.
What is the cis face?
The cis face is the receiving side of the Golgi apparatus where transport vesicles fuse with the Golgi membrane and empty their cargo into the lumen.
What are cristae?
Cristae are internal compartments formed by the inner membrane folding over itself within mitochondria, providing an increased surface area for chemical reactions that produce ATP.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules and sacs that function in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification processes.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are complex cells with a nucleus and other organelles, all enclosed within membranes.
What are flagella?
Flagella are long, whip-like appendages that protrude from the cell body and help in movement.
What is the fluid-mosaic model?
The fluid-mosaic model describes the structure of cell membranes as a flexible layer made of lipid molecules interspersed with large protein molecules.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
What are hydrophilic substances?
Hydrophilic substances are those that have an affinity for water, meaning they can mix with or dissolve in water.
What does hydrophobic mean?
Hydrophobic refers to substances that repel or do not mix with water.
What is the Krebs Cycle?
The Krebs Cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA into ATP.
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes are small organelles filled with enzymes that help break down waste materials and cellular debris inside cells.
What are mitochondria?
Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that produce most of the cell’s supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy.
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
The mitochondrial matrix is a gel-like substance inside mitochondria where certain metabolic reactions occur.
What is the nucleolus?
The nucleolus is a small, dense region within the nucleus of a cell where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced and assembled with proteins to form ribosomes.
What is the nucleus?
The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains most of the cell’s genetic material organized as DNA molecules.
What is phagocytosis?
Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
The phospholipid bilayer is a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane.
