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Honors Bio > Unit 21 - Immune System > Flashcards

Unit 21 - Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

Mast cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, neutrophil, basophil, and eosiniphil are all parts of what immune system?

A

Innate Immune system

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2
Q

What is the role of the first line of immune defense?

A

To prevent problems from occurring (ex: skin prevents entry of microorganisms).

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3
Q

What is the role of the second line of immune defense?

A

Antimicrobial proteins and phagocytes prevent spread of invasion and heal the borders. (where inflammation occurs)

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4
Q

What is the role of the third line of immune defense?

A

To catch and kill invader and remove infected body cells.

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5
Q

What functions do mucus and cilia serve in the first line of defense?

A

Mucus catches particles and prevents it from entering the nose. Cilia sweep dust in respiratory passages.

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6
Q

How are harmful substances identified?

A

Surface carbohydrates

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7
Q

What is a fever?

A

Abnormally high body temperatures in response to invading microorganisms.

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8
Q

What are pyrogens?

A

Chemicals secreted by leukocytes and macrophages when exposed to bacteria and foreign substances.

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9
Q

What are the benefits of a normal fever?

A

Increase metabolic rate which can speed up tissue repair and cause liver and spin spleen to hide iron and zinc (needed by microorganisms) which can slow infectious growth.

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10
Q

What is the chief phagocytic cell?

A

Macrophages

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11
Q

What can macrophages do?

A

Scan for cellular debris and eat up to 100 invading cells.

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12
Q

What to Neutrophils do?

A

Use enzymes to break down pathogens but die shortly after killing target and can kill normal healthy cells.

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13
Q

What is pus made up of?

A

Collection of dead neutrophils.

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14
Q

What to eosiniphils do?

A

Help control inflammation.

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15
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

Ingest bacteria and release histamine during inflammatory and allergic reactions.

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16
Q

What acts as an ID for healthy cells?

A

MHC I

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17
Q

What kills cells that do not have an MHC I receptor?

A

Natural killer cells

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18
Q

What is the only phagocyte that kills other human cells?

A

Natural killer cells

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19
Q

How do natural killer cells kill their target?

A

Release perforins proteins and other cytolytic chemicals.

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20
Q

What chemicals cause blood vessels to expand and become more permeable?

A

Histamine and prostaglandins

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21
Q

How do mast cells initiate the inflammatory response?

A

Detect injury to nearby cells and release histamine.

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22
Q

What does histamine do in the inflammatory response?

A

Increase blood flow to wound and increased vascular permeability allows immune cells to enter infected tissue.

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23
Q

What do histamines do?

A

Help body get rid of irritants such as allergens.

24
Q

What are antihistamines?

A

Drugs taken to reduce symptoms of histamine response. (allergy medication)

25
Q

When is a B cell triggered?

A

When it encounters its matching antigen.

26
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A molecule that triggers an immune response.

27
Q

What does humoral mean?

A

Body fluid

28
Q

What cells have humoral immunity?

A

B cells

29
Q

What cells have cellular immunity?

A

T cells

30
Q

Where do B cells originate and mature?

A

Bone marrow

31
Q

What makes antibodies?

A

Plasma

32
Q

Where to T cells originate and mature?

A

originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus.

33
Q

What are the 4 main types of T cells?

A

Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Memory T cells
Supressor T cells

34
Q

What do helper T cells do?

A

Alert B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and other helper cells to battle invading pathogens.

35
Q

What do Cytotoxic T cells do?

A

Lyse (split) infected cells

36
Q

What do memory T cells do?

A

Provide quick response to re-exposure.

37
Q

What to suppressor T cells do?

A

Terminate immune response

38
Q

Why are suppressor T cells important?

A

To preserve energy instead of wasting it on cells that don’t need to be killed.

39
Q

What do Naive T cells (CD4 and CD8) do?

A

Help initiate T cells

40
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Cell death

41
Q

What do CD4 cells correlate with?

A

Helper T cells (ATTACK!)

42
Q

What do CD8 cells correlate with?

A

Killer T cells

43
Q

What inspects the surface of cells looking for MHC?

A

Macrophages

44
Q

What attacks transplanted tissue and causes graft rejection?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

45
Q

What do antibodies do?

A

Flag antigen for destruction

46
Q

What are the types of antibodies?

A

IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD

47
Q

What is IgA?

A

Protect body surfaces that are exposed to outside foreign substances. Found in breathing passages and digestive track.

48
Q

What is IgG?

A

Found in all body fluids. Fights bacterial and viral infections. Only antibody that can cross placenta in pregnant women to protect baby.

49
Q

What is IgM?

A

Found in blood and lymph fluid. Stays the same throughout immune responses.

50
Q

What is IgE?

A

Allergies

51
Q

IgD

A

Mystery

52
Q

If you have the rh factor is your blood positive or negative?

A

Positive

53
Q

Does the primary or secondary response have a more intense reaction?

A

Secondary

54
Q

How does HIV work?

A

Weakens immune system by shutting down helper T cells.

55
Q

What is type I diabetes?

A

When healthy cells are killed.

Honors Bio (1 decks)

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