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Unit 21 Environmental Issues and the Real Estate Transaction > Unit 21 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 21 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Match each hazard with the correct definition. Radon, Lead, Mold, Formaldehyde, Carbon monoxide, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)s, Asbestos

A)
A pigment and drying agent in alkyd oil-based paint

B)
Colorless, odorless, tasteless, radioactive gas produced by the decay of other radioactive substances

C)
Colorless chemical with a strong, pronounced odor used widely in the manufacture of building materials and many household products

D)
Often used in electrical equipment such as transformers and refrigerator motors, as well as caulking compounds, and hydraulic oil in older equipment

E)
May be found where moisture, oxygen, and an organic food source are present

F)
Colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that occurs as a by-product of burning fuels

G)
A fire-resistant mineral that was once used extensively as insulation and to strengthen other materials

A 
Radon = B
Lead= A
Mold = E
Formaldehyde = C
Carbon monoxide = F
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)s = D
Asbestos = G
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2
Q

The Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act (LBPHRA) of 1992 requires disclosure of the presence of any known lead-based paint hazards to potential buyers or renters of commercial properties.

A

False

Not just in commercial

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3
Q

Asbestos was found in most construction, including residential, until 1978, when its use was banned.

A

True

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4
Q

Groundwater can be contaminated from a number of sources, and legislation to protect the nation’s public drinking water supply has been enacted. Match each term with the correct definition. Groundwater, Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Septic system, Water table

A)
The natural level at which the ground is saturated

B)
Used to handle sewage on the property

C)
Protects public health by regulating the nation’s public drinking water supply

D)
Water that exists under the earth’s surface within the tiny spaces or crevices in geological formations

A

Groundwater = D

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) = C

Septic system = B

Water table = A

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5
Q

The water table is the natural level at which the ground is saturated.

A

True

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6
Q

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized to set national health-based standards for drinking water and requires that water suppliers report any health-risk situation within 72 hours.

A

False

Within 24 hours

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7
Q

The EPA has stringent regulations that apply to the installation and use of underground storage tanks (UST). indicate whether or Not the tank is Exempt from
federal UST regulations.

A)
Holds more than 135 gallons

B)
Located in basement or tunnel

C)
For collecting storm water

D)
Holds 1,110 gallons

E)
For heating oil burned onsite

A

Holds more than 135 gallons = NOT Exempt

Located in basement or tunnel = Exempt

For collecting storm water = Exempt

Holds 1,110 gallons = NOT

For heating oil burned onsite = Exempt

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8
Q

Farm and residential storage tanks that hold 1,100 gallons or less of motor fuel used for noncommercial purposes are exempt from federal regulations.

A

True

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9
Q

Underground storage tanks (USTs) are exempt from federal regulations if they hold less than 110 gallons.

A

True

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10
Q

Federal, state, and local regulations govern the location, construction, content, and maintenance of landfill sites. Match each term with the appropriate definition. Brownfield, Capping, Landfill

A)
Derelict or abandoned commercial or industrial site suspected of containing toxic waste

B)
Laying two to four feet of soil over the top of a landfill site and then planting grass to enhance its aesthetic value and prevent erosion

C)
A hole excavated for the purpose of waste disposal that is lined, drained, and filled with waste

A

Brownfield = A

Capping = B

Landfill = C

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11
Q

Capping is the process of pouring two to four feet of concrete over the top of the landfill site to prevent erosion of the soil underneath.

A

False

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12
Q

Defunct, derelict, or abandoned commercial or industrial sites, many of which are suspected to contain toxic wastes, are called blackfields.

A

False

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13
Q

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Superfund and Reauthorization Act (SARA) are federal laws passed to protect and improve the environment. Match each item to its description. Innocent Landowner, CERCLA, Superfund, SARA

A)
Created process to identify responsible parties to clean hazardous waste sites

B)
Focuses on the cleanup of hazardous substances on property

C)
Immunity status created to protect a landlowner from liability

D)
Provided money to clean up uncontrolled hazardous waste sites

A

Innocent Landowner = C
CERCLA = A
Superfund = D
SARA = B

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14
Q

The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) created an “innocent landowner” immunity status under which a landowner in the chain of ownership who was completely innocent of all wrongdoing in certain cases should NOT be held liable.

A

True

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15
Q

The Superfund, established to finance the cleanup of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and to respond to spills, was created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act in 1980.

A

True

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16
Q

real estate transaction must be aware of both actual and potential liability of environmental hazards. Match the appropriate party to a transaction to each issue. Appraiser, Buyer,
Seller

A)
Should identify and adjust for environmental issues

B)
Might be held responsible even though did not know about the presence of hazards

C)
May be held liable even if they didn’t cause contamination

A 
Appraiser = A
Buyer = C
Seller = B
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17
Q

In MOST states, a real estate professional may be liable if the professional has known of a hazardous condition, even if the seller neglected to make the disclosure of any material fact including environmental issues.

A

True

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18
Q

An ecological site assessment, commonly called Phase 1 or Phase 2, is often performed on a property to show that due care was exercised in determining whether any environmental impairments exist.

A

False

Called Environmental Site Assessment ESA

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19
Q

Special disclosure rules apply in the sale or lease of residential dwellings built before 1978 because of the possible presence of

A)
mold.

B)
urea-formaldehyde foam insulation.

C)
asbestos.

D)
lead-based paint.

A

Explanation
The answer is lead-based paint. The Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992 (LBPHRA) requires disclosure of possible lead-based paint hazards and the presence of any known lead-based paint hazards to potential buyers or renters. Renovators of certain property containing lead-based paint must first complete EPA training and certification.

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20
Q

Groundwater, water that exists under the earth’s surface within the tiny spaces or crevices in geological formations, forms the water

A)
level.
B)
cavity.
C)
tablet.
D)
table.
A

Explanation
The answer is table. The groundwater that exists under the earth’s surface within the tiny spaces or crevices in geological formation forms the water table.

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21
Q

Who should real estate professionals rely on for sound environmental information?

A)
Home inspectors
B)
Technical experts in the field
C)
Their sponsoring brokers
D)
Appraisers
A

Explanation
The answer is technical experts in the field. The most appropriate people on whom a real estate professional can rely for sound environmental information are scientific or technical experts.

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22
Q

Federal regulation of numerous environmental hazards is carried out by

A)
the VA.
B)
the EPA.
C)
the CFPB.
D)
the FHA.
A

Explanation
The answer is the EPA. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged with federal regulation of numerous environmental hazards. Rules of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) also come into play.

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23
Q

The colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that occurs as a by-product of incomplete combustion of fuels such as wood, oil, and natural gas, is

A)
radon.
B)
carbon monoxide.
C)
formaldehyde.
D)
carbon dioxide.
A

Explanation
The answer is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is quickly absorbed by the body, where it inhibits the blood’s ability to transport oxygen, resulting in dizziness and nausea, and death may occur within a short time. Many cases of carbon monoxide poisoning arise from the use of portable generators in areas that have undergone a natural disaster.

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24
Q

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) uses the Superfund to clean up uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and with the exception of the innocent landowner,

A)
makes no provision for recovering Superfund expenses incurred in cleanup operations.
B)
imposes strict, joint and several, and retroactive liability on potentially responsible parties.
C)
releases from liability those owners of contaminated property who did not actually cause the contamination, even though the contamination was known at the time of the property purchase.
D)
exempts the parties from responsibility for sites that contaminate neighboring properties.

A

Explanation
The answer is imposes strict, joint and several, and retroactive liability on potentially responsible parties. Strict liability means that the owner is responsible to the injured party without excuse. Joint and several liability means that each of the individual owners is personally responsible for the total damages. If only one of the owners is financially able to handle the total damages, that owner must pay the total and collect the proportionate shares from the other owners whenever possible. Retroactive liability means that the liability is not limited to the current owner but includes people who have owned the site in the past. An exception is made for the innocent landowner who had no actual or constructive knowledge of the damage at the time the property was purchased.

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25
Q

Where in the United States does radon occur?

A)
Mostly in the western states
B)
Mostly in the warm southern and southwestern regions
C)
In every state in the United States
D)
Only in large urban areas
A

Explanation
The answer is in every state in the United States. Radon has been found in every state, although it’s more likely to be found in some states than in others. The only way to know for sure if it is present is to have the home tested.

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26
Q

A hole lined with clay or a synthetic liner to prevent leakage of waste material into the water supply describes

A)
a UST.
B)
a landfill.
C)
a hazardous waste site.
D)
a brownfield.
A

Explanation
The answer is a landfill. A hole lined with clay or a synthetic liner to prevent leakage of waste material into the water supply describes a landfill.

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27
Q

Lead-based paint is found in about 75% of all private housing built before

A)
1996.
B)
1978.
C)
1992.
D)
1985.
A

Explanation
The answer is 1978. The federal government estimates that lead is present in about 75% of all private housing built before 1978, the year the Federal government banned the use of lead in interior paints.

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28
Q

Waste disposal sites are

A)
never owned by private enterprise.
B)
lined for aesthetic reasons.
C)
capped with soil for legal reasons.
D)
capped with soil for aesthetic reasons.
A

Explanation
The answer is capped with soil for aesthetic reasons. Lining prevents seepage, and both private industry and governments own and operate sites.

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29
Q

The EPA requires that water suppliers report any situation that poses a public health risk within how many hours of its discovery?

A)
36 hours
B)
12 hours
C)
48 hours
D)
24 hours
A

Explanation
The answer is 24 hours. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that water suppliers report any health risk situation within 24 hours.

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30
Q

For residential property, some jurisdictions may mandate

A)
comprehensive inspections for hazardous substances to include asbestos, radon, carbon monoxide, mold, lead-based paint, and contaminated groundwater.
B)
acceptable carbon monoxide levels in children’s rooms.
C)
proper ventilation on all new buildings so that radon is not an issue.
D)
the placement of carbon monoxide detectors.

A

Explanation
The answer is the placement of carbon monoxide detectors. Half of the states now mandate the placement of carbon monoxide detectors, along with required smoke detectors, in residential property.

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31
Q

Regarding the federal Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act, which statement is TRUE?

A)
A lead-hazard pamphlet must be distributed to all prospective buyers but not to tenants.
B)
Purchasers of housing built before 1978 must be given five days to test the property for the presence of lead-based paint.
C)
A disclosure statement must be attached to all sales contracts and leases involving residential properties built before 1978.
D)
All residential housing built before 1978 must be tested for the presence of lead-based paint before being listed for sale or rent.

A

Explanation
The answer is a disclosure statement must be attached to all sales contracts and leases involving residential properties built before 1978. Although no remediation of the property is required, a lead- based paint warning disclosure statement must be completed and signed by the parties and a copy attached to any sales contract or lease for a residential property built before 1978. In the disclosure statement, buyers and renters acknowledge receiving a HUD booklet about protecting one’s family from lead-based paint hazards.

32
Q

The parties to a real estate transaction should be aware that many older tanks have never been registered

A)
but are always capable of being located.
B)
and when discovered must always be registered.
C)
and may not comply with federal and state laws.
D)
but are always visible.
A

Explanation
The answer is and may not comply with federal and state laws. Many older tanks have never been registered and may not comply with federal and state laws.

33
Q

Radon poses the greatest potential health risk to people when it is

A)
trapped and concentrated in inadequately ventilated areas.
B)
found in high concentrations in unimproved land.
C)
emitted by malfunctioning or inadequately ventilated appliances.
D)
contained in insulation material used in residential properties during the 1970s.

A

Explanation
The answer is trapped and concentrated in inadequately ventilated areas. When radon gas accumulates in a poorly ventilated area in a structure or in a mine, its harmful effects increase.

34
Q

The Brownfields Law is officially called

A)
the Small Property Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act.
B)
the Small Landfill Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act.
C)
the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act.
D)
the Small Waste Site Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act.

A

Explanation
The answer is the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act. The Brownfields Law shields innocent developers from liability for toxic wastes that existed at a site prior to the purchase of the property.

35
Q

What is the purpose of the Brownfields Law enacted in 2002?

A)
It establishes incinerators to destroy UFFI, DDT, and other persistent chemicals.
B)
It is specifically dedicated to cleaning up PCB spills and dumps.
C)
It restores wilderness and agricultural areas damaged by toxic waste.
D)
It distributes funds to clean up polluted industrial sites so they can be restored to productive use.

A

Explanation
The answer is it distributes funds to clean up polluted industrial sites so they can be restored to productive use. Brownfields are defined as defunct, derelict, or abandoned commercial or industrial sites. Many have toxic wastes.

36
Q

Federal and state laws have defined many of the liabilities related to hazardous waste; although,

A)
common law is being used for further interpretation.
B)
they are incomplete and even common law offers no help.
C)
local municipalities are establishing their own interpretation.
D)
clarification may be required from Congress.

A

Explanation
The answer is common law is being used for further interpretation. Federal and state laws have defined many of the liabilities related to hazardous waste; however, common law is being used for further interpretation.

37
Q

Federally funded projects require

A)
an environmental assessment statement (EAS).
B)
an environmental hazard statement (EHS).
C)
an environmental impact statement (EIS).
D)
an environmental status statement (ESS).
A

Explanation
The answer is an environmental impact statement (EIS). A federally funded project requires an environmental impact statement (EIS) to be performed.

38
Q

Exposure to risk as it relates to environmental hazards is created for individuals involved in other aspects of real estate transactions, such as

A)
real estate appraisers.
B)
title searchers.
C)
transaction coordinators.
D)
surveyors.
A

Explanation
The answer is real estate appraisers. Exposure to risk is created for individuals involved in certain aspects of real estate transactions, such as real estate appraisers. The other individuals noted are not typically in contact with the actual improvements on a property.

39
Q

According to the U.S. General Accounting Office, brownfields plague communities and

A)
are easily remedied by prompt effort.
B)
their effect on property values is unknown.
C)
result in only a temporary decline in value.
D)
often contribute to a decline in property values.

A

Explanation
The answer is often contribute to a decline in property values. The U.S. General Accounting Office has reported that several hundred thousand brownfields plague communities as eyesores as well as hazardous conditions and often contribute to a decline in property values.

40
Q

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) was created in 1980 and established

A)
the Brownfields Act.
B)
the Clean Lands Fund.
C)
the Clean Water Act.
D)
the Superfund.
A

Explanation
The answer is the Superfund. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) was created in 1980 and established a $9 billion fund called the Superfund.

41
Q

Real estate professionals should always recommend testing the water supply when it is not part of

A)
a spring-fed stream.
B)
a shared well system.
C)
a municipal water supply.
D)
a privately owned well system.
A

Explanation
The answer is a municipal water supply. Real estate professionals should always recommend testing the water supply when it is not part of a municipal water supply.

42
Q

How can property owners help avoid carbon monoxide exposure?

A)
Have fuel-burning heating systems checked and maintained annually
B)
Have their basements tested for carbon monoxide seeping in from the soil
C)
Install attic vents
D)
Encapsulate sources of carbon monoxide emissions

A

Explanation
The answer is have fuel-burning heating systems checked and maintained annually. Heating systems are prime sources of carbon monoxide if they are poorly vented or poorly maintained.

43
Q

The EPA requires that water suppliers report any health risk situation within

A)
24 hours.
B)
48 hours.
C)
72 hours.
D)
96 hours.
A

Explanation

The answer is 24 hours. The EPA requires that water suppliers report any health risk situation within 24 hours.

44
Q

The federal underground storage tanks (UST) program is regulated by

A)
the Environmental Protection Agency.
B)
the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
C)
the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
D)
the Federal Housing Administration.
A

Explanation

The answer is the Environmental Protection Agency. The federal UST program is regulated by the EPA.

45
Q

Capping is the method of

A)
laying soil over the surface of a landfill and planting vegetation.
B)
compacting waste and sealing it in a container.
C)
burying waste and covering with soil.
D)
piling waste into a hill at surface level and covering with clay.

A

Explanation
The answer is laying soil over the surface of a landfill and planting vegetation. Capping is the process of laying two to four feet of soil over the waste in a landfill site and then planting grass on it to enhance the landfill’s aesthetic value and prevent erosion.

46
Q

Which of these has been proven to pose a health hazard?

A)
Lead-based paint
B)
All of these
C)
Asbestos
D)
Radon
A

Explanation
The answer is all of these. Asbestos, lead-based paint, and radon have all been proven to cause adverse health effects in humans.

47
Q

The federal legislation which was passed to protect public health by regulating the nation’s public drinking water supply was

A)
the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
B)
the Water Preservation Act.
C)
the Public Water Supply Act.
D)
the Safe Public Water Act.
A

Explanation
The answer is the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The federal legislation which was passed to protect public health by regulating the nation’s public drinking water supply was the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).

48
Q

Which of these is responsible for administering the Superfund?

A)
PRP
B)
HUD
C)
CERCLA
D)
EPA
A

Explanation
The answer is EPA. The Superfund is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). CERCLA is the law that established the Superfund.

49
Q

Under CERCLA, as amended, the rule that regardless of whether hazardous contamination is the result of the landowner’s actions or those of others, the owner can be held responsible for the cleanup,

A)
applies to all property owners who have conducted a title search before the purchase of the property.
B)
does not apply to a subsequent purchaser to avoid creating a restraint on alienation of the property.
C)
applies only when the landowner has actual knowledge of the contamination.
D)
does not apply to someone who is an innocent landowner.

A

Explanation
The answer is does not apply to someone who is an innocent landowner. The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) created an “innocent landowner” immunity status when the certain criteria are met.

50
Q

Tanks that are exempt from federal regulation do NOT include

A)
farm and residential tanks that hold 1,100 gallons or less of motor fuel used for noncommercial purposes.
B)
tanks that hold 200 gallons.
C)
tanks on or above the floor of underground areas, such as basements or tunnels.
D)
tanks that store heating oil burned on the premises.

A

Explanation

The answer is tanks that hold 200 gallons. Federal regulation applies to tanks that hold 200 gallons.

51
Q

Federal and state laws regarding storage of hazardous substances or liquid petroleum products apply to underground storage tanks that have at LEAST what percentage of their volume underground?

A)
25%
B)
60%
C)
50%
D)
10%
A

Explanation
The answer is 10%. Federal and state laws that impose strict requirements on underground storage tanks containing hazardous substances or liquid petroleum products apply when a tank stores at least 10% of its volume underground.

52
Q

At least how much of a tank must be underground for it to be considered an underground storage tank?

A)
35%
B)
10%
C)
15%
D)
25%
A

Explanation

The answer is 10%. The official definition of an underground storage tank is at least 10% of the tank is underground.

53
Q

Under the EPA classification, PRPs are

A)
possible responsible parties.
B)
probable responsible parties.
C)
potentially responsible parties.
D)
principal responsible parties.
A

Explanation
The answer is potentially responsible parties. Once the EPA determines that hazardous material has been released into the environment, the agency attempts to identify the potentially responsible parties (PRPs).

54
Q

Individuals have suffered all of these health problems due to exposure to formaldehyde EXCEPT

A)
a burning sensation in the throat.
B)
eye irritations.
C)
asthma.
D)
mold infections.
A

Explanation
The answer is mold infections. Although formaldehyde has been shown to cause cancer in animals and may cause it in humans, it is primarily responsible for triggering respiratory problems, such as shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and asthma, as well as eye and skin irritations.

55
Q

Capped landfills have been used as

A)
shopping centers.
B)
new-home subdivisions.
C)
mobile home parks.
D)
parks and golf courses.
A

Explanation

The answer is parks and golf courses. Capped landfills have been used as parks and golf courses.

56
Q

Federally funded projects require

A)
an environmental hazard statement (EHS).
B)
an environmental status statement (ESS).
C)
an environmental assessment statement (EAS).
D)
an environmental impact statement (EIS).
A

Explanation
The answer is an environmental impact statement (EIS). A federally funded project requires an environmental impact statement (EIS) to be performed.

57
Q

The safest water is usually provided from

A)
a spring-fed stream.
B)
a shared well system.
C)
a municipal water supply.
D)
a privately owned well system.
A

Explanation
The answer is a municipal water supply. The safest water is usually provided from a municipal water supply; nevertheless, water providers are required to test for water quality periodically and report the results of such tests to consumers.

58
Q

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) was created in 1980 and established

A)
the Clean Water Act.
B)
the Clean Lands Fund.
C)
the Brownfields Act.
D)
the Superfund.
A

Explanation
The answer is the Superfund. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) was created in 1980 and established a $9 billion fund called the Superfund.

59
Q

A real estate professional showed a pre-World War I house to a prospective buyer. The buyer has two toddlers and is worried about potential health hazards. Which of the following is TRUE?

A)
Because of the age of the house, there is a good likelihood of the presence of lead-based paint.
B)
The real estate professional can offer to personally inspect for lead and remove any lead risks.
C)
There is a risk that urea-formaldehyde foam insulation was used in the original construction.
D)
Removal of lead-based paint and asbestos hazards is covered by standard title insurance policies.

A

Explanation
The answer is because of the age of the house, there is a good likelihood of the presence of lead- based paint. Pre–World War I means before 1914. Lead-based paint and varnishes were commonly used in housing interiors until it was outlawed in 1978. There is great likelihood that lead-based products are present in such an old building, even if many layers of non-lead products have been applied over them.

60
Q

All of the following may contribute to the growth of mold EXCEPT

A)
roof leaks.
B)
improperly installed gutters.
C)
presence of EIFS.
D)
low humidity.
A

Explanation
The answer is low humidity. Mold grows where there is moisture, such as where a roof leaks, or where water is not routed away properly by the gutters. EIFS is a building material that can trap moisture in a house.

61
Q

The water table

A)
may be several hundred feet underground or near the surface.
B)
is usually always near the surface.
C)
is usually several hundred feet underground.
D)
is never near the surface.
A

Explanation

The answer is may be several hundred feet underground or near the surface.

62
Q

If environmental hazards are discovered and the landowner had no previous knowledge of their existence,

A)
only the real estate professional may be held responsible.
B)
only a landowner with prior knowledge may be held responsible.
C)
the landowner will never be held responsible.
D)
the landowner might still be held responsible.

A

Explanation
The answer is the landowner might still be held responsible. A landowner who had no knowledge of the presence of an environment hazard might still be liable if due care was not exercised when the property was purchased.

63
Q

If a potentially responsible party (PRP) refuses to pay the expenses of cleaning up a toxic site, the EPA may

A)
bring a civil action and be awarded three times the actual cost of the cleanup.
B)
bring a criminal action and have the PRP jailed for up to 10 years.
C)
have no legal recourse.
D)
bring an administrative action and be awarded the actual cost of the cleanup, plus court costs.

A

Explanation
The answer is bring a civil action and be awarded three times the actual cost of the cleanup. A PRP is a potentially responsible party. If the PRP does not clean up the site, the EPA bills the PRP for the cost. Then, if the PRP still refuses to pay, the EPA can seek damages in court for up to three times the actual cost of cleanup.

64
Q

Underground storage tanks (USTs) are commonly found on sites where

A)
parks are located.
B)
government centers are located.
C)
petroleum products are used or where gas stations and auto repair shops are or were located.
D)
retail centers are located.
A

Explanation
The answer is petroleum products are used or where gas stations and auto repair shops are or were located. Underground storage tanks (USTs) are commonly found on sites where petroleum products are used or where gas stations and auto repair shops are or were located.

65
Q

In a landfill, waste is laid on the liner at the bottom of the excavation, and

A)
water is then spread onto the waste.
B)
a layer of oil is spread onto the waste.
C)
a layer of topsoil is then compacted onto the waste.
D)
a layer of vegetation is then compacted onto the waste.
A

Explanation
The answer is a layer of topsoil is then compacted onto the waste. In a landfill, waste is laid on the liner at the bottom of the excavation, and a layer of topsoil is then compacted onto the waste.

66
Q

Which of the following is a hazardous substance produced by the decay of radioactive materials?

A)
Radon
B)
Carbon monoxide
C)
Asbestos
D)
Lead
A

Explanation
The answer is radon. The decay of radioactive materials produces radon, which is found in varying amounts throughout the country. Concerns about cancer cause some buyers to require an inspection for radon. If found, the solution—adequate ventilation of the gases—is relatively simple.

67
Q

Which of the following is a fire-resistant mineral?

A)
Mold
B)
Azimuth
C)
Radon
D)
Asbestos
A

Explanation
The answer is asbestos. Asbestos is a fire-resistant mineral once used extensively as insulation and to strengthen other building materials. It was banned from use in 1978 because it is a hazard to health, but it is still found in older commercial and residential buildings.

68
Q

Real estate professionals should always recommend testing the water supply when it is not part of

A)
a spring-fed stream.
B)
a municipal water supply.
C)
a privately owned well system.
D)
a shared well system.
A

Explanation
The answer is a municipal water supply. Real estate professionals should always recommend testing the water supply when it is not part of a municipal water supply.

69
Q

The process used to extract natural gas from deep layers of rock is known as

A)
tacking.
B)
fracking.
C)
grounding.
D)
geo-forming.
A

Explanation
The answer is fracking. Fracking is also known as hydraulic fracturing. The EPA maintains an ongoing study of the effect on groundwater of the byproducts produced by fracking.

70
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding asbestos?

A)
HUD requires that all asbestos-containing materials be removed from all residential buildings.
B)
The level of asbestos in a building is affected by weather conditions.
C)
Asbestos causes health problems only when it is eaten.
D)
Improper removal of asbestos can cause further contamination of a building.

A

Explanation
The answer is improper removal of asbestos can cause further contamination of a building. Removal must only be done by skilled, licensed contractors. Once disturbed, asbestos can remain suspended in air for long periods of time before settling and then being disturbed once again.

71
Q

Tombs buried deep underground contain materials such as

A)
radioactive waste.
B)
plastic and other non-biodegradable items.
C)
wastewater.
D)
used electronics.
A

Explanation
The answer is radioactive waste. Tombs, buried deep underground, contain materials such as radioactive waste and are designed to last thousands of years.

72
Q

A hole lined with clay or a synthetic liner to prevent leakage of waste material into the water supply describes

A)
a landfill.
B)
a hazardous waste site.
C)
a brownfield.
D)
a UST.
A

Explanation
The answer is a landfill. A hole lined with clay or a synthetic liner to prevent leakage of waste material into the water supply describes a landfill.

73
Q

To avoid liability associated with environmental issues, the real estate professional should

A)
become qualified to perform an environmental audit.
B)
become familiar with common environmental problems.
C)
not be involved with a transaction involving possibly contaminated property.
D)
avoid transactions involving commercial and industrial sites.

A

Explanation
The answer is become familiar with common environmental problems. By becoming familiar with common environmental problems found in the real estate professional’s area of practice, the licensee will recognize signs of environmental contamination and know when to suggest that an environmental audit be performed. The licensee should never claim to be an environmental expert, but should know enough to recognize warning signs of environmental issues.

74
Q

Real estate professionals and their buyers should be particularly alert to evidence of the presence of an underground storage tank (UST), such as

A)
rural location.
B)
presence of motor vehicles.
C)
extensive agricultural use.
D)
fill pipes and stained soil.
A

Explanation
The answer is fill pipes and stained soil. Real estate professionals and their buyers should be particularly alert to evidence of the presence of a UST, such as fill pipes and vent lines, stained soil, and fumes or odors.

75
Q

MOST seller property disclosures are required for

A)
both commercial and residential properties.
B)
only residential properties.
C)
residential properties and retail centers.
D)
residential properties and vacant land.
A

Explanation
The answer is only residential properties. There are fewer protections mandated for commercial properties, since buyers of commercial properties are assumed to be using good business judgment.

76
Q

Contamination from underground storage tanks is

A)
found only in petroleum stations.
B)
addressed by EPA regulations.
C)
easily detected and eliminated.
D)
only caused by tanks currently in use.
A

Explanation
The answer is addressed by EPA regulations. The federal underground storage tank program is regulated by the EPA. The regulations apply to tanks that contain hazardous substances or liquid petroleum products and that store at least 10% of their volume underground.

77
Q

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) is administered and enforced by

A)
the Federal Housing Administration
B)
the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
C)
the Consumer Product Safety Commission
D)
the Environmental Protection Agency.
A

Explanation

The answer is the Environmental Protection Agency. CERCLA is administered and enforced by the EPA.

Unit 21 Environmental Issues and the Real Estate Transaction (1 decks)

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