Unit 2 (What is life) Flashcards
CHARGER
Cells
Homeostasis
Adapt
Reproduce
Grow and develop
Energy (metabolism)
Respond to stimuli
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
Protists
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells
All prokaryotes and some eukaryotes have a cell wall
No prokaryotes and all eukaryotes have a nucleus
All cells have ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane
Prokaryotic chromosomes are in the nucleoid; eukaryotic chromosomes are in the nucleus
Did
King
Philip
Come
Over
for
Good
Spaghetti
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Genus
Species
Structure of a virus
Protein coat (capsid) containing nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)
How are viruses classified
Debated; most consider viruses non-living because they don’t have many characteristics of life
Contributions:
Hooke
Leeuwenhoek
Schleiden
Schwann
Virchow
Pasteur
Contributions:
Hooke named the cell
Leeuwenhoek made his own microscope and looked at bacteria
Schleiden figured out all animals were made of cells
Schwann figured out all plants were made of cells
Virchow proved that all cells come from other cells
Pasteur came up with germ theory and that bacteria lead to illness
3 principles of cell theory
- All organisms are made up of cell(s)
- The cell is the basic unit of structure/organization in organisms
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
Describe the shape of the DNA in a prokaryotic cell and state where it is located.
1 circular DNA molecule found in cytoplasm
What is the name of the additional piece of circular DNA found in a prokaryotic cell that can contain genetic information for additional traits such as antibiotic resistance?
Plasmid
Organelles found in plants but not animals?
Shape of plant cells
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Large central vacuole
Rectangular
Organelles found in animals but not plants?
Centrioles and lysosomes
What is the role of the cytoskeleton? Which organic molecule are the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton made of?
To structure the cell
Protein
Light microscope pros and cons
Pros
- cheap
- easy to set up
- can view live specimen
Cons
- low resolution
- low zoom
Electron microscope pros and cons
Pros
- high resolution
- can zoom in really far
Cons
- hard to set up specimen
- expensive
- can’t view live specimen
0.10 mm (millimeters) to um (micrometers)
0.10 mm (millimeters) is 100 um (micrometers)
Arrange the following in terms of size starting with the smallest – virus, atom, eukaryotic cell, proteins, bacteria, chicken egg
Atom, protein, virus, bacteria, eukaryotic cell, chicken egg
What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism?
Cells make up tissues
which make up organs
which make up organ systems
which make up organisms
Which cell size (larger or smaller) is more efficient at absorbing nutrients and removing wastes? Why?
Smaller because they usually have a larger Surface area: Volume ratio
Why do most scientists consider a virus non-living?
Viruses don’t have their own metabolism, can’t reproduce without a host and not made of cells
How do the chromosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?
Eukaryotic cells have multiple chromosomes that are linear and prokaryotes have 1 circular piece of DNA
Describe the components of the cytoplasm.
Water and dissolved nutrients, ions, enzymes
