Unit 2 (What is life)

Question 1

CHARGER

Answer 1

Cells
Homeostasis
Adapt
Reproduce
Grow and develop
Energy (metabolism)
Respond to stimuli

Question 2

Prokaryotes

Answer 2

Bacteria
Archaea

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

Protists
Plants
Animals
Fungi

Question 4

Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

All prokaryotes and some eukaryotes have a cell wall
No prokaryotes and all eukaryotes have a nucleus
All cells have ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane
Prokaryotic chromosomes are in the nucleoid; eukaryotic chromosomes are in the nucleus

Question 5

Did
King
Philip
Come
Over
for
Good
Spaghetti

Answer 5

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Genus
Species

Question 6

Structure of a virus

Answer 6

Protein coat (capsid) containing nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)

Question 7

How are viruses classified

Answer 7

Debated; most consider viruses non-living because they don’t have many characteristics of life

Question 8

Contributions:
Hooke
Leeuwenhoek
Schleiden
Schwann
Virchow
Pasteur

Answer 8

Contributions:
Hooke named the cell
Leeuwenhoek made his own microscope and looked at bacteria
Schleiden figured out all animals were made of cells
Schwann figured out all plants were made of cells
Virchow proved that all cells come from other cells
Pasteur came up with germ theory and that bacteria lead to illness

Question 9

3 principles of cell theory

Answer 9

1. All organisms are made up of cell(s)
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure/organization in organisms
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 10

Describe the shape of the DNA in a prokaryotic cell and state where it is located.

Answer 10

1 circular DNA molecule found in cytoplasm

Question 11

What is the name of the additional piece of circular DNA found in a prokaryotic cell that can contain genetic information for additional traits such as antibiotic resistance?

Answer 11

Plasmid

Question 12

Organelles found in plants but not animals?

Shape of plant cells

Answer 12

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Large central vacuole

Rectangular

Question 13

Organelles found in animals but not plants?

Answer 13

Centrioles and lysosomes

Question 14

What is the role of the cytoskeleton? Which organic molecule are the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton made of?

Answer 14

To structure the cell
Protein

Question 15

Light microscope pros and cons

Answer 15

Pros
- cheap
- easy to set up
- can view live specimen

Cons
- low resolution
- low zoom

Question 16

Electron microscope pros and cons

Answer 16

Pros
- high resolution
- can zoom in really far
Cons
- hard to set up specimen
- expensive
- can’t view live specimen

Question 17

0.10 mm (millimeters) to um (micrometers)

Answer 17

0.10 mm (millimeters) is 100 um (micrometers)

Question 18

Arrange the following in terms of size starting with the smallest – virus, atom, eukaryotic cell, proteins, bacteria, chicken egg

Answer 18

Atom, protein, virus, bacteria, eukaryotic cell, chicken egg

Question 19

What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism?

Answer 19

Cells make up tissues
which make up organs
which make up organ systems
which make up organisms

Question 20

Which cell size (larger or smaller) is more efficient at absorbing nutrients and removing wastes? Why?

Answer 20

Smaller because they usually have a larger Surface area: Volume ratio

Question 21

Why do most scientists consider a virus non-living?

Answer 21

Viruses don’t have their own metabolism, can’t reproduce without a host and not made of cells

Question 22

How do the chromosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?

Answer 22

Eukaryotic cells have multiple chromosomes that are linear and prokaryotes have 1 circular piece of DNA

Question 23

Describe the components of the cytoplasm.

Answer 23

Water and dissolved nutrients, ions, enzymes