Unit 2, Week 5 Flashcards
Distribution
The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface.
Population Density
A measurement of the number of persons per unit land area.
Concentration
The spread of something over a given area.
Fertility
The production of offspring within a population.
Mortality
Deaths in a population.
CBR
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. Crude Birth Rate.
CDR
Crude Death Rate. The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Life Expectancy
The average age to which a person in a given population can expect to live. Often indicates country’s level of development.
Cohort
A group of individuals of the same age. A generation is about 20-30 years; enough time to be born and start bearing children.
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics.
IMR
Infant Mortality Rate. The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births.
TFR
Total Fertility Rate. The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. Often indicates the level of development in a country.
NIR
Natural Increase Rate; The percentage growth of a population in a year (CBR-CDR)/10, where birth and death rates are in per thousand.
NIR
Natural Increase Rate; The percentage growth of a population in a year (CBR-CDR)/10, where birth and death rates are in per thousand.
Baby Boom
In general, an “explosion” in population due to increased births. Specifically in the U.S., it was the increase in births between 1945 and the end of 1964.
Maternal Morbidity
“Any health condition attributed to an/or aggravated by pregnancy and childbirth that has a negative impact on a woman’s well-being.”
Doubting Time/rule of 70
The number of years needed to double population. The rule of 70 states that in order to estimate the number of years for a variable to double, take the number 70 and divide it by the growth rate of the variable.
Dependency Ratio
The ratio of the number of people under 15 and over 64 years to those 15-64 years of age. Assumes the two young/too old to work. Has multiple implications.
Demographic Momentum
(population momentum) The tendency for population growth to continue despite stringent family planning programs because of a relatively high concentration of people in the childbearing years.
Gen X, Gen Y
Birth dates ranging from the early 1960s to the early 1980s, following the Boomers and before Gen Y (Millennials). Both rate was declining for various cultural reasons. “Latch-key kids”, first generation with both parents working, first with divorced parents.
Millenials
Member the generation born between about 1980 and 2000. Population began to rise again after Gen X. Very tech-savvy.
Population Pyramid
A a graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.
Sex Ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population. Some Society prefer male children.
Demographic Transition Model
A model of all the size of a population changes as a country develops its economy. Characterized by different stages. Tracks birth rate, death rate, and the resulting total population change over time. No country still in Stage 1.
Census
A complete enumeration of a population. As per the constitution, done every 10 years. Impacts re-apportionment of Reps. in Congress.
Medical Revolution
The diffusion of medical technology from MDC’s to the LDC’s, allowing LDC’s to benefit from advances produced in MCD’s.
