Unit 2 Vocab (Cells)

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The basic working units in which all plants & animals are made.

Question 2

Blade

Answer 2

A thin, flat portion of the leaf made up of four layers of tissue.

Question 3

Petiole

Answer 3

A slender stalk that connects, or links the leaf blade with its parent
twig or branch.

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Supply the blade with water containing mineral salts and at the same
time carry off the food it manufactures.

Question 5

vascular bundle

Answer 5

the arrangement of xylem and phloem (and sometimes
cambium) tubes/strands that internally transfer/move fluids from roots to leaves and vice versa.

Question 6

xylem

Answer 6

A vascular bundle tube that transports water up to the leaf.

Question 7

phloem

Answer 7

A vascular bundle tube that carries glucose from the leaf to the
spreading roots and other growing parts of the tree.

Question 8

Tissue

Answer 8

A group of similar cells that all do the same work.

Question 9

organ

Answer 9

A group of several tissues uniting to perform a special task.

Question 10

cell membrane

Answer 10

A thin layer that forms the outer surface of the protoplasm of a cell.

Question 11

protoplasm

Answer 11

An inner cellular substance that forms the basis of life.
(It is made up of a mixture complex substances suspended in water.)

Question 12

nucleus

Answer 12

A mass of specialized protoplasm that directs cellular activity

Question 13

cell wall

Answer 13

Outer wall of the cell that contains thin cellulose threads that provide
a rigid strength to the cell.

Question 14

cellulose

Answer 14

(polysaccharide carbohydrate) Made up of long unbranched chains of
glucose units that are linked together (C6H12O5)n. It is the main part of plant cell walls (and is used in making paper, rayon and cellophane).

Question 15

chloroplast

Answer 15

A double membrane body in plant cells that contain chlorophyll.

Question 16

mitochondria

Answer 16

A double membrane body in cells where respiration & energy
production occurs.

Question 17

amyloplast

Answer 17

A double membrane body in plant cells that forms and stores starch.

Question 18

vacuole

Answer 18

A membrane bound sack in the protoplasm containing water, food, or
waste.

Question 19

golgi body

Answer 19

(golgi apparatus) A membrane body of flattened pouches in cells
that gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex (proteins and lipids). It then takes those bigger molecules, packages them in vesicles, or sacks, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell. (It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes—cell digestion machines).

Question 20

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 20

(rough & smooth) A double membrane network of membranes
found throughout the cell and connected to the nucleus. It functions as a manufacturing and packaging system. (It works closely with the Golgi apparatus, as well as some other parts—ribososmes, mRNA, and tRNA).
2 Types:
• Rough E.R. Bumpy ribosome covered sheets or disk-
shaped organelle for synthesizing and packaging proteins.
• Smooth E.R. A tube-like storage organelle