Unit 2 Vocab (Cells) Flashcards
Cell
The basic working units in which all plants & animals are made.
Blade
A thin, flat portion of the leaf made up of four layers of tissue.
Petiole
A slender stalk that connects, or links the leaf blade with its parent
twig or branch.
Veins
Supply the blade with water containing mineral salts and at the same
time carry off the food it manufactures.
vascular bundle
the arrangement of xylem and phloem (and sometimes
cambium) tubes/strands that internally transfer/move fluids from roots to leaves and vice versa.
xylem
A vascular bundle tube that transports water up to the leaf.
phloem
A vascular bundle tube that carries glucose from the leaf to the
spreading roots and other growing parts of the tree.
Tissue
A group of similar cells that all do the same work.
organ
A group of several tissues uniting to perform a special task.
cell membrane
A thin layer that forms the outer surface of the protoplasm of a cell.
protoplasm
An inner cellular substance that forms the basis of life.
(It is made up of a mixture complex substances suspended in water.)
nucleus
A mass of specialized protoplasm that directs cellular activity
cell wall
Outer wall of the cell that contains thin cellulose threads that provide
a rigid strength to the cell.
cellulose
(polysaccharide carbohydrate) Made up of long unbranched chains of
glucose units that are linked together (C6H12O5)n. It is the main part of plant cell walls (and is used in making paper, rayon and cellophane).
chloroplast
A double membrane body in plant cells that contain chlorophyll.
mitochondria
A double membrane body in cells where respiration & energy
production occurs.
amyloplast
A double membrane body in plant cells that forms and stores starch.
vacuole
A membrane bound sack in the protoplasm containing water, food, or
waste.
golgi body
(golgi apparatus) A membrane body of flattened pouches in cells
that gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex (proteins and lipids). It then takes those bigger molecules, packages them in vesicles, or sacks, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell. (It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes—cell digestion machines).
endoplasmic reticulum
(rough & smooth) A double membrane network of membranes
found throughout the cell and connected to the nucleus. It functions as a manufacturing and packaging system. (It works closely with the Golgi apparatus, as well as some other parts—ribososmes, mRNA, and tRNA).
2 Types:
• Rough E.R. Bumpy ribosome covered sheets or disk-
shaped organelle for synthesizing and packaging proteins.
• Smooth E.R. A tube-like storage organelle
