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APES midterm > Unit 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Producer/Autotroph

A

Uses energy of the sun to produce usable forms of energy

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2
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process by which producers use solar energy to convert CO2 and water into glucose

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3
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Process by which cells unlock the energy of chemical compounds
-animal eats a producer and gets its energy

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4
Q

Consumer/Heterotroph

A

Organism that can’t photosynthesize and must obtain its energy by consuming other organisms

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5
Q

Food Web

A

A complex model of how energy and matter move between trophic levels

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6
Q

Limiting Nutrient

A

A nutrient required for the growth of an organism but available in a lower quantity than other nutrients

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7
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

When an organism converts nitrogen gas into ammonia

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8
Q

Algal Bloom

A

A rapid increase in the algal population of a waterway

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9
Q

Disturbance

A

An event caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents, resulting in changes in population size or community composition

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10
Q

Resilience

A

The rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance

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11
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

The deflection of an objects path due to the rotation of earth
-contributes to weather patterns such as hurricanes

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12
Q

Rain Shadow

A

Region with dry conditions found on the leeward side (blocked from coast by mountains) of a mountain range bc humid winds cause precipitation on windward side

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13
Q

Upwelling

A

Upward movement of ocean water toward the surface as a result of diverging currents

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14
Q

Permafrost

A

A solid, permanently frozen layer of soil

-tundra

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15
Q

Littoral Zone

A

Shallow zone in lakes and ponds where most algae and emergent plants grow

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16
Q

Coral Bleaching

A

When the algae living inside corals die, causing the corals to turn white

17
Q

Photic Zone

A

Upper layer of the ocean water that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis

18
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

Deeper layers of ocean that don’t have enough sunlight for photosynthesis

19
Q

Species Richness

A

Number of species in a given area

20
Q

Genotype

A

Complete set of genes in an individual

-different from phenotype (physical traits of an individual)

21
Q

GPP/NPP

A

GPP: total amount of solar energy captured by producers in an ecosystem
NPP: Energy captured by producers - energy producers respire

22
Q

Biomass

A

Total mass of all living matter in a specific area

23
Q

Runnoff

A

Water that moves across land surface and into streams and rivers

24
Q

Gene flow

A

When individuals move from one population to another, thereby altering the genetic composition of the two populations

25
Q

Genetic drift

A

A change in genetic composition over time as a result of random mating

26
Q

Watershed

A

Area on either sdie of a body of water (river, streams)

27
Q

Climate/weather

A

Climate: average weather that occurs in a region over time
Weather: short-term conditions of the atmosphere in a local area (includes temp, humidity, precip.)

28
Q

Albedo

A

% of incoming sunlight reflected from a surface

29
Q

Founder effect

A

Change in genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of individuals

30
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

Process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation

31
Q

Limnetic zone

A

Open surface of a body of water, away from shore

-produces most of the O2

32
Q

Profundal zone

A

Region of a lake/ocean where light can’t reach

33
Q

Benthic zone

A

Sea/lake floor

34
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

Speciation that a occurs within the same geographic region

35
Q

Niche

A

The conditions in which a species can survive

36
Q

Tolerance

A

The range of conditions a species is able to survive in

APES midterm (5 decks)

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