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Plant Science > Unit 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Arthropod

A

A phylum or division of the animal kingdom characterized as having an external skeleton

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2
Q

Bacteria

A

Single-celled microorganisms; some are harmful and some are beneficial

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3
Q

Bedrock

A

Unweathered hard rock that lies directly beneath the soil layers

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4
Q

Clay

A

A size term for particles with diameter less than two microns.

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5
Q

Climate

A

The long-term average weather conditions.

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6
Q

Fungi

A

Plantlike organisms that get their nourishment from living or decaying organisms

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7
Q

Gravel

A

water-worn pebbles larger than two millimeters in diameter.

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8
Q

Ground cover

A

Any vegetation that growing on the ground that protects the soil

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9
Q

Horizon

A

A layer of soil, having distinct characteristics produced by soil-forming processes.

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10
Q

Internal drainage

A

The relative degree of downward movement of water in a soil.

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11
Q

Loam

A

Soil that consists of less than 52 percent sand, 28 to 50 percent silt, and 7 to 27 percent clay (ideal)

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12
Q

Microorganism

A

An organism so small that you need a microscope to see it

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13
Q

Mottle

A

Color difference on a mass of moderately poorly drained soil.

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14
Q

Nematodes

A

Microscopic, organisms that can attack plant roots or stems to cause unhealthy growth.

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15
Q

Organic matter

A

Matter found in, or produced by, living animals and plants

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16
Q

Organism

A

Any living individual whether plant or animal.

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17
Q

Parent material

A

The horizon of weathered rock or partially weathered soil material from which the soil is
formed.

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18
Q

Ped

A

A unit of soil structure such as an aggregate, crumb, prism, block, or granule

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19
Q

Permeability

A

The capacity of soil or rock for transmitting a fluid.

20
Q

Porosity

A

Refers to the extent of voids or openings in the soil that exist between soil particles

21
Q

Profile (Soil)

A

A vertical section of a soil.

22
Q

Rock

A

Mineral matter assembled in masses or

considerable quantities in nature.

23
Q

Sand

A 
ranging in size from 2.00 to 0.5 millimeters in diameter. It is the textural class of any soil that
contains 85 percent or more of sand and not more than 10 percent of clay.
24
Q

Silt

A

A textural class of soils that contains 80 percent or more of silt and less than 12 percent clay.

25
Q

Soil

A

The mineral and organic surface of the earth capable of supporting upland plants.

26
Q

Soil profile

A

A vertical section of a soil.

27
Q

Soil structure

A

The arrangement of primary soil particles

28
Q

Soil texture

A

individual soil grains.

29
Q

Acid

A

A substance containing hydrogen that dissociates to form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

30
Q

Alkaline

A

A chemical term referring to basic reaction where the pH reading is above 7

31
Q

Base

A

A substance which gives off hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water

32
Q

Conductivity

A

The property or power of conducting heat, electricity, or sound.

33
Q

Fertilize

A

To supply the necessary mineral and organic nutrients

34
Q

Gypsum

A

A mineral calcium sulfate, combined with water of hydration. It treats sodic soils.

35
Q

Hydrogen

A

the lightest of the elements that combines chemically

with oxygen to form water.

36
Q

Hydroxyl

A

The ion OH-

37
Q

Ion

A

An atom or a group of atoms carrying an electrical charge

38
Q

Irrigation

A

application of water to soil

39
Q

Leaching

A

The removal of soluble constituents from soils by percolating water.

40
Q

Lime

A

Strictly, calcium oxide, CaO, but, as commonly used in agricultural terminology, calcium carbonate,
CaCO3, and calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, are included.
(any of them)

41
Q

Nutrient

A

An element or compound in a soil that is essential for the growth of a plant.

42
Q

Organic

A

Produced by plants and animals; of plant or animal origin.

43
Q

pH

A

A numerical measure of acidity of a substance such as food or soil

44
Q

Saline soil

A

A soil containing soluble salts

45
Q

Salinity

A

The quantity of saltiness in seawater or freshwater

46
Q

Sodic soil

A

exchangeable sodium percentage of 15 percent or greater/pH between
9.5 and 10.0.

Plant Science (3 decks)

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