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CNUR 103 Class Cue Cards > Unit 2 - Vitals/Hygiene/Infection Control > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Vitals/Hygiene/Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Flora

A

Bacteria residing naturally in the body

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2
Q

Infectious agent

A

Pathogen; enters the host and causes illness

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3
Q

Prefix “a-“ means …

A

Without bacteria

Ex: asepsis

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4
Q

Colonization

A

Strain of microorganism becomes normal flora

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5
Q

Asymptomatic Infection

A

No clinical evidence of disease

Localized cell damage/infection

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6
Q

Local infection

A

Limited to a specific part of body

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7
Q

Systemic infection

A

Infection has spread to different systems from origin site

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8
Q

Stages of Chain of infection

A 
Infectious agent
Reservoir 
Portal of exit
Mode of transportation 
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
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9
Q

Chain of infection: what are the characteristics of an infectious agent?

A 
Number
Virulence 
Pathogenicity 
Ability to enter
Susceptibility of host
Ability to live and grow in host
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10
Q

Chain of infection: how to combat an infectious agent?

A

Correctly cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing articles

Educating clients and support persons

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11
Q

Chain of infection: what is a reservoir?

A

Source of the microbes

Ex: blood, tissue, gut, lungs, reproductive tract

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12
Q

Chain of infection: how do we break the chain at the reservoir?

A

Disposal of bodily fluids appropriately

Covering and capping fluid containers

Emptying suction and drainage bottles before they are full

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13
Q

Chain of infection: what is a portal of exit?

A

A way out of the human reservoir

Ez: mouth, nose, anus, wound drainage, tubes, open wounds

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14
Q

Chain of infection: how do we fight a portal of exit?

A

Avoid talking, coughing or sneezing over an open wound/sterile field

Cover mouth/nose when coughing/sneezing

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15
Q

Chain of infection: what is transmission?

A

How microbes get to a receptive portal of entry of a susceptible host

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16
Q

Direct contact transmission is …

A

Transfer via direct contact from person to person

17
Q

Indirect contact transmission is ..

A

Passive transfer from reservoir to intermediate inanimate object then to recipient

Ex: door handle

18
Q

Droplet transmission is …

A

Drops of respiratory secretions from coughing, sneezing etc.

Project a short distance and have short hang time

Ex:cough or sneeze

19
Q

Airborne transmission is …

A

Particles transferred by air current ( therefore harder to isolate; need no circ. of air outside)

Small and have longer hang time

Ex: TB

20
Q

Vehicle borne Transmission is…

A

Any substance that serves as a means of transporting infection from host to host

Either inanimate material or objects (ice,wood)

21
Q

Vector borne Transmission is …

A

Animal or insect that serves to transport the illness as an intermediate

Ex: Lyme Disease and ticks

22
Q

Chain of infection: how do we stop transmission?

A

Teach appropriate hand hygiene, wear gloves and PPE, discard soiled linens properly, dispose of bodily fluids properly, use antiseptics and disinfectant

23
Q

Chain of infection: what is a portal of entry?

A

How the pathogen gets into host

Break in the skin/membrane, Mucus membrane of the eye, Respiratory tract, Blood steam

24
Q

Chain of infection: how do we fight the portal of entry?

A

Use sterile technique for invasive procedures and exposing open wounds

Use puncture resistant containers for needles

PPE

25
Q

Chain of infection: what is a susceptible host?

A

Person at risk of infection

Susceptible groups depend on age, heredity, immune status, nutritional status, medication etc.

26
Q

Chain of infection: how do we combat susceptible hosts?

A

Educate public about importance of immunization

Maintain integrity of skin and mucous membranes

27
Q

When should you wash your hands in pt. interaction?

A

Before you enter

Before procedure

Contact with bodily fluids

After you leave

28
Q

What are the steps of the Nursing Process (5)?

AN PIE

A 
Assessment 
Nursing Diagnosis 
Planning
Implementation 
Evaluation
29
Q

What steps can a nurse take to support a pt. defences?

A

Have good hand hygiene (pt. and nurse)

Ensure balanced diet and hydration

Mitigate stress

Encourage immunization

30
Q

Active immunity

A

Host produces antibodies in response to natural/artificial antigens

31
Q

Natural active immunity

A

Antibodies are formed in presence of active infection in the body

Lifelong

32
Q

Artificial active immunity

A

Antigens administered to stimulate antibody formation

Reinforced but last many years

Ex: immunization

33
Q

Passive immunity

A

Host receive natural/artificial antibodies from another source

34
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

Antibodies transferred naturally from an immune mother to a baby through breast placenta

Last 6 months

35
Q

Artificial passive immunity

A

Occurs when immune serum from an animal or another human is injected

Last 2-3 weeks

36
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Health care infections (MRSA)

37
Q

Reverse isolation

A

Patients that are immune compromised are put in isolation for their protection

38
Q

Steps nurses must take to ensure isolation rooms are isolated?

A

Dedicated equipment for that room

Disposable equipment and dishes

Linens in biohazard bags

39
Q

Steps to taking off PPE

🖍GLadly Give Everyone Mercy

A 
Gloves
      WASH HANDS
Gown
- top tie first
- peel gown away
- Turn inside out
       WASH HANDS
Eye Protection
- using 1 hand
- clean with disinfectant wipe
       WASH HANDS 
Mask

CNUR 103 Class Cue Cards (3 decks)

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