Unit 2 - Transportation & Respiration Flashcards
What are the main components of the circulatory system?
The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Describe how blood flows through the heart.
Blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium pumps the blood to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs.
Blood from the lungs enters the left atrium of the heart. The left atrium pumps the blood to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the body.
What controls heartbeat?
specialized cardiac muscle cells send out electrical impulses that stimulate the contractions.
How do arteries differ from veins?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood toward the heart,
What is blood pressure? What is hypertension?
force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, high blood pressure
To take your pulse, you press your fingers against an artery near the surface of the body. What are you feeling and measuring when you take your pulse? Why can’t you take your pulse by pressing your fingers against a vein?
The pressure against the walls of the arteries
Pressure is to low in the veins
Compare and contrast pulmonary and systemic circulations.
They both carry blood to and from the heart.
The pulmonary circulation carries blood between the heart and lungs.
The systemic circulation carries blood between the heart and body.
Identify three types of blood cells and their functions.
The trillions of red blood cells in blood plasma carry oxygen. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein with iron that binds with oxygen.
White blood cells defend the body against foreign bacteria, viruses and other pathogens
Platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting.
People with type O blood are called “universal donors” because they can donate blood to anyone else, regardless of their ABO blood type. Explain why.
Because people with Type O have no antigens on their red blood cells and therefore will not be identified as foreign by any of the blood types.
What is respiration?
the exchange of gases between the body and the outside air.
Describe the two parts of respiration.
In the first part, oxygen in the air is drawn into the body and carbon dioxide is released from the body through the respiratory tract. In the second part, the circulatory system delivers the oxygen to body cells and picks up carbon dioxide from the cells in return.
How is respiration different from cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Respiration by the respiratory system supplies the oxygen and takes away the carbon dioxide.
Outline the pathway of a breath of air from the nose to the alveoli.
nose/mouth→ pharynx→ larynx→trachea→ bronchi→bronchioles→alveoli
Sometimes people who are feeling anxious breathe too fast and become lightheaded.
This is called hyperventilation. Hyperventilation can upset the pH balance of the blood, resulting in blood that is too basic. Explain why.
Because you are breathing too quickly and your blood contains too little carbon dioxide, so it becomes basic because it is not forming carbonic acid
Explain why contraction of the diaphragm causes the lungs to fill with air.
When the diaphragm contracts, the ribcage expands and the contents of the abdomen move downward. This results in a larger chest volume, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs. With lower air pressure inside than outside the lungs, air rushes into the lungs.
