Unit 2 Topic 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the function of the cell surface membrane in prokaryotes
A
- As bacteria does not contain mitochondria, the cell membrane is the site of some respiratory enzymes
2
Q
What are mesosomes
A
- Infoldings in the cell membrane of some bacteria
- Involved with enzyme activity or photosynthesis
3
Q
What are capsules for prokaryotes
A
- A slime layer around the cell wall
- Made of starch, gelatin, protein or glycolipids
- Protects bacteria from phagocytosis
4
Q
What are pili
A
- Projections in some bacteria
- Used in attatchment to the host cell or in sexual reproduction
5
Q
What is the flagella
A
- Made of flagellin protein
- Allows bacteria to move by rapid rotations
6
Q
What is a nucleoid
A
- The area in which the genetic material is found
- Genetic material is a single chromosome, made up of circular coiled DNA molecule
7
Q
What are plasmids
A
- Small circles of DNA, found in some bacteria
- They code for a particular aspect in the bacterial phemotyple
- They replicate themselves independent of the nucleoid
- Can be transferred from one bacterium to another through pili in sexual reproduction
8
Q
What is 70s ribosomes involved in
A
Protein synthesis
9
Q
What is the bacterial cell wall
A
- Formed of peptidoglycan
- Prevents swelling and bursting of the cell as the bacteria contents are hypertonic to their medium
10
Q
Describe the structure of the mitochondria
A
- They are surrounded by an outer and an inner membrane
- The inner membrane is folded into cristae surrounded by a fluid matrix
- Contain mitochodrial DNA that helps replicate the mitochondria during cell division under the control of the nucleus
- They contain 70S ribosomes
11
Q
What are centrioles
A
- There are 2 centrioles near the nucleus
- Each centriole is made up of 9 grouples of tubules, each is composed of 3 tubules
- They are involved in cell division where wach centriole produces spindle fibres involved in the movement of the chromosomes
12
Q
What is the cytoskeleton
A
- Web-like structure tht fills the cytoplasm
- Made up of microfilaments and microtubules
- Gives the cytoplasm structure and keeps the organelles in place
- They help cell movement and transport within the cell
13
Q
What are lysosomes
A
- Spherical bodies in the cytoplasm, they contain digestive enzymes
- They fuse to a membrane bound organelle containing food or an obsolete organelle
- The enzymes break down the contents into materials that can be reused
14
Q
What are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
A
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
15
Q
Describe the process that occurs in the rER
A
- ER is covered from outside by ribosomes which make proteins
- rER folds and transports these proteins once they have formed
- The large surface area of ER helps synthesis, storing and transporting proteins within and outside the cell
