Unit 2: Topic 10 - Compartmentalization

Question 1

What is the major function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 1

The Golgi apparatus helps with the transport of proteins and lipids by placing them into vesicles.

Question 2

What is the major function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 2

The rough endoplasmic reticulum helps produce proteins for the rest of the cell.

Question 3

What is the major function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 3

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps with the synthesis and storage of lipids. It is also the major site of detoxification and production of hormones.

Question 4

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 4

Lysosomes function as the “trash can” of cells. Their major role is to digest waste and recycle organelles.

Question 5

What is the primary function of the Nuclear Envelope?

Answer 5

The nuclear envelope functions as the shield of the nucleus. Two phospholipid bilayers help keep the nucleus separated from the surrounding chemical reactions that are taking place. The envelope also contains proteins to assist in the synthesis/regulation of genetic material.

Question 6

What do vesicles do?

Answer 6

Vesicles help transport materials across the plasma membrane.

Question 7

What is the main purpose of the endomembrane system?

Answer 7

The endomembrane system assists with the packaging, modification, and transportation of proteins and lipids.

Question 8

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

As a common phrase, the mitochondria is the “powerhouse of the cell.” The mitochondria generates most of the energy needed to power the chemical reactions in the cell. Generally, this energy is in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Question 9

What steps do proteins take from their production to their exiting of the cell, and what are their locations at these various steps?

Answer 9

A protein is produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and is then sent to the Golgi apparatus in a transport vesicle. After entering the Golgi apparatus, the protein is sorted and sent in a vesicle to get used in lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion from the cell. If the protein is going to be secreted from the cell, it is sent to the plasma membrane. It is then exited out of the cell through exocytosis.

Question 10

What is the folds’ main purpose in the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitochondria?

Answer 10

The purpose of these folds is to increase the surface area:volume ratio, allowing the cell to perform more metabolic processes simultaneously.