Unit 2 Topic 1: Population

Question 1

Regional Spotlight: The Caribbean

Explain these things about the Carribbean
1. Where the name comes from
2. It’s size, # of islands, largest and smallest islands
3. Explain what happened to the indigenous people and how they were murdered

Answer 1

name:comes from the region’s indigenous Carib tribes.

Size: The carribbean is made up of over 7000 islands. Cuba is the largest island of the carribean and at just 87 square kilometers, the island of St. Martin is the smallest inhabited island on Earth.

Millions of indigenous Caribbean people were murdered at the hands of colonization in less than 50 years of domination.

Question 2

Regional Spotlight: The Caribbean

Explain the population and language of the Caribbean
1. Where they mostly live, the total population, and what % of islands are inhabited
2. Most widely spoken language, official language examples (6)

Answer 2

Over 75 percent of the caribbean population lives on two islands. The Caribbean islands are home to over 44 million people. According to a 2019 report from the UN, over 33 million of these inhabitants live on just two islands - Cuba, and the island that’s home to both Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Only 2 percent of the Caribbean islands are inhabited.

English is the most widely spoken language of the region, although many Caribbean nations have their own languages. Among the official languages are Spanish, Dutch, English, French, Creole, Papiamentu.

Question 3

Regional Spotlight: The Caribbean

Explain the climate of the Caribbean.
1. the 2 main seasons
2. when they happen and what happens

Answer 3

There are only really two seasons in this tropical region: dry and rainy

The Caribbean dry season, or “high season”, runs from mid-December through to mid April, and the wet season “low season” from mid-April through to mid-December. The wet or low season is also stormy, with the official hurricane season being June 1 to November 30.

Question 4

Regional Spotlight: The Caribbean Central and South America

Resources and religion of the Caribbean
1. what natural resource are they adundant of
2. what is the main religion

Answer 4

The Caribbean has the largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world.

Christianity is the main religion praticed in the Caribbean. Jamaica has the highest concentration of churches in the world. Although famously associated with Rastafarianism, Jamaica is actually 64% Christian with rastas making up less than 10% of the population.

Question 5

Regional Spotlight: Central America

Name and Location of central america
1. name reference like what it refers to
2. what oceans/body of waters border it

Answer 5

Name: refers to the countries located between North and South America

Location: The Pacific Ocean lies to its west and the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean lie to its east

Question 6

Regional Spotlight: Central America

Explain the origin of central America
1. the percents and descent of most people from central America
2. what does Panama and Belize have that is special

Answer 6

Origin: 3/5 of the people of central america are of mestizos (mixed european-native descent). 1/5 are native while smaller communities of mulattoes (people of mixed European-African descent), & zambos (mixed native-america descent) also make up the region. Among the many indigenious tribes of Central America are Mayans.

panama canal is an artificial 82 km long water way that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

Belize stands second in the world with its longest barrier reef featuring an abundance of marine life

Question 7

Regional Spotlight: Central America

Explain the Size and population of central america
1. size in miles, largest country in population and area
2. total population

Answer 7

Size: It extends in an arc roughly 1,140 miles long from the northwest to the southeast. Nicaragua is the largest country in Central American but Guatemala has the largest population.

Population: According to the UN, there are 184.9 million people living in Central America (2023).

Question 8

Regional Spotlight: Central America

Climate
1. the 3 different climate regions
2. what occurs really frequently in these regions?

Answer 8

Tropical rainforests and lowlands extend along both the west and east coasts, but 4/5 of Central America is either hilly or mountainous, and some 40 volcanic cones erupt violently from time to time. Earthquakes also frequently occur in the regions.

Question 9

Regional Spotlight: Central America

language and religion
1. official language of all countries
2. main religion

Answer 9

Spanish is the official language in the central american countries except for belize where it is english. Many indigenous languages are also still spoken throughout the region

Religion: predominantly roman catholic.

Question 10

Regional Spotlight: Central America

Resources, governments, other fun facts
1. main resources (3)
2. Costa Rica’s government
3. what are the fun things about Costa Rica and Nicaragua

Answer 10

resources bananas, coffee, and palm oil are some of the most exported products from central america

Governments: costa rica is the longest standing democracy in central america

Nicaragua had the first elected female president from 1991 - 1997

Costa Rica has no standing military. It was banned in 1949

Question 11

The world population as of the year 2023 is

How do changes in populaton affect the economy, culture, and politics of a place.

Answer 11

8 billion Nov 15, 2022

by 2040 there will be 9 billion ppl?

Question 12

Demography
1. definition (simple)
2. what scientists use it for
3. Examples of things scientists examine (4)

Answer 12

Demography is the study of populations

Scientists use demographics to learn about population growth.

Some things these scientists examine are:
* Birthrate
* Death rate
* Natural incease (b-d = n.i.)
* Migration

Question 13

Population distribution
1. definition
2. What ecumene is
3. what is the main physical characteristic that makes places habitable

Answer 13

Population distribution is the pattern of human settlement or where ppl live on earth

Ecumene is the part of the world where people permanently live.

According to this map, what is the main physical characteristics that makes places habitable for people? Water because resources are more plentiful and land around water is more fertile

Question 14

Physical factors
1. what % of the earths surface is land
2. how is land inhabitable (3 factors)
3. Where do most people live (3 factors)

Answer 14

Only about 30% of the earth’s surface is land

Much of that land is inhabitable due to high mountains, barren deserts, and frozen tundra

Most people live where there is fertile soil, available water, and a climate without harsh extremes

Question 15

Population density
1. most populous continent? what %
2. what is it and what does it measure

Answer 15

of all continents, europe and asia are the most densely populated.
Asia alone contains more than 60% of the worlds people

It is the measure of the average population per square mile/kilometer of an area; it measures how crowded a place is. measures all the land in a country, but does not account for uneven population distribution

Question 16

Size =/= density
1. examples of how countries with similar population sizes does no necessarily have similar population densities.
2. What a population cartogram is

Answer 16

countries with similar population sizes does not necessarily have similar population densities. For example: Belgium and Tunisa both have population of around 11.8 million people. However

Belgium 991 people per sq mile. Tunisia 197 per sq mi.

Canada has 11 ppl per square mile. Wide open spaces and the choice of living in an uban or rural area.

Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities with 3277 ppl per square mile

population cartogram. Is a map that displays the size of countires according to the distribution not by landmass

Question 17

What is Physiological population density
1. what it measures
2. formula
3. examples

Answer 17

The total population in proportion to the area of arable land suited for agriculture (only farming land)

Total population/total arable land

Ex Egypt

Arithmetic density = 226 ppl/ mi^2

Physilogic 3,866 ppl/km^2

Question 18

What is arthmetic density?

Answer 18

the total number of people in proportion to the area of land (population density) (all land)

total population / total land area

Question 19

Agricultural density
1. formula
2. example + what high/low density means

Answer 19

Total # of farmers / total arable land area

example the united states
19,700.000 / 1,536,795 km^2 12.8 farmers per km^2

if its high, they need more farmers to sustain their population. If its low they need less farmers

Question 20

Regional Spotlight: South America

Explain the size, location, and population of South America

Answer 20

Size: fourth largest of the worlds continents

Location: No other continent except antarctica penetrates so far to the south

Population: 422.6 million people.

Question 21

Regional Spotlight: South America

Name origin, main religion, and languages spoken

Answer 21

Name: The name America is derived from Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci, one of the earliest European explorers of the New World. The term America was oir

Languages: English Spanish Portugese. More than 300 languages spoken. Indigenous tribes have held on to their languages

Religion: Predominantly Christian

Question 22

Regional Spotlight: South America

Explain South America’s Indigenous tribes
1. their relationship with civilization
2. where more could be

Answer 22

Some indigenous tribes have no contact with modern civilization

Some of these indigenous tribes have been discovered in the past years deep into the amazon rainforest but scientists believe that there are more tribes out there that are hiding even further inside the forest.

Question 23

Regional Spotlight: South America

Explain these facts about Peru and Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
1. the carnival (when it occurs, how large is it)
2. Machu picchu (whats so unique about it)

Answer 23

the carnival in rio de janeiro brazil is the world’s largest carnival celebration
* Celebrated all over the continent, this annual fiesta occurs just before the christian tradition of lent

One of the most ancient indgenous sites of south america is machu picchu located in peru
* Peru is known to have many earthquakes, and quite frequently, and its very imressive how it was built to be earthqauke resistant considering it was built in the 1450s. It is classified as one of the 7 major wonders of the world.

Question 24

Regional Spotlight: South America

Explain the Andes mountain range.
1. Where are they
2. How far do they spand
3. What is the average height of a mountain
4. What is the highest city in the world and its elevation

Answer 24

laid out across the western part of the continent. The andes are the worlds longest continental mount range. They run from the north to the south of the continent and through most of the south american countries.

Spans 7000 kilo 4350 mi north to southand 700 km 435 east to west. Average height over 4000 m over 13000 ft.

La paz bolivia. La paz lies at an elevation of 3,650 m. 12000 ft.

Question 25

Regional Spotlight: South America

Explain these 3 things
1. Angel falls
2. Bolivian Salar de Uyuni
3. Atacama desert

Answer 25

the angel falls: tallest waterfall in the world
* the 979 m (over 3000 ft) high waterfall lies in the venezuelan canaima national park

Bolivian salar de uyuni: with an area of over 10500 square is the worlds largest salt flat.
* During the rainy season, it turns into the largest natural mirror in the world while during the dry seasons a thick crust of sodium chloride is uncovered, sometimes 10 meters deep

Atacama desert: considered to be the driest place on earth
* some parts of it have never received any rain or preciptation for more than 40 years.

Question 26

Regional Spotlight: South America

Explain
1. The Amazon river and what is underneath it
2. The Rio Hamza (some facts about it, like being as long as the Amazon river)
3. The Amazon rainforest (whats significant about it, why does it need to be protected)

Answer 26

Amazon river: Arguably the most famous in the world. Just 4 km beneath it runs another waterway.

Rio hamza: actually flows vertically to depths of around 2km before changing direction to become horizontal. Even though it is as long as the Amazon river, this underground river holds nowhere near the same volume of water

Amazon rainforest the worlds most biodiverse place! Even though the amazon rainforest suffers from deforestation and the illegal pet trade, it is still home to more than 40% of the world’s plants and animals. It is an incredibily biodiverse, and thats why it needs to be protected.

Question 27

Who is Malthus and what did he say
1. who he was
2. what was his theory
3. explain Malthusian theory and who Neo-Malthusians are and do
4. why was he wrong

Answer 27

Malthus was an English economist

In 1798, he published an essay theorizing that future population growth would outpace agricultural prodution of food, leading to massive famines

His ideas are known as Malthusian Theory
* Those who agree with Malthus today are known as Neo-Malthusians
* Neo- Malthusians raise concerns about the sustainable use of the planet, claiming that Earth’s scarce resources can only support a finite population.

Will add later

Question 28

Explain these 6 demographic terms
1. infant mortality rate
2. total fertility rate
3. life expectancy
4. child mortality rate
5. birth rate
6. death rate

Answer 28

infant mortality rate - measures how many babies per 1000 births die before their first birthday

toal fertility rate - the average number of children born to each woman in a given region during the course of her lifetime.

life expectancy - the number of years, on average some may remain alive

child mortality rate - the number of deaths of children between the ages of 1 to 5

birth rate - the number of live births per 1000 people

death rate - the number of deaths per 1000 people

Question 29

Why is demographic data important?
1. 1 Sentence explanation

Answer 29

Demographic data is important because it allows geographers to accuracy predict population and trends in growth to then understand overlaying factors such as new technology invoations, space, resources, fuel, and etc.

Question 30

Population pyramid
1. What is it another way of?
2. What exactly does it show
3. How do geographers use it?

Answer 30

another way to analyze populations

shows age and gender distribution of a population

Allows geographers to examine how events affect societies (wars, famines, or epidemics)

Question 31

Expalin the Kenya population pyramid example and what it means.

Answer 31

this pyramid for kenya has a wide base = has a high birth rate and young population
pyraid is not very tall = average life expectancy is relatively short

As kenya’s birth rates begin to fall the country will move from stage 2 to stage 3 in the demographic model

Question 32

Demographic transition model
1. What it shows, what it doesn’t show
2. What it exactly illustrates
3. Explain EACH stage

Answer 32

changes in population are usually closely linked to the development of a country and can be illustrated by the Demographic Transition Model (DTM).

The DTM shows the relationship between birth rates and death rates and population, but not migration.

stage 1 - high birth rates, high death rates. Low total population
stage 2 - high birth rate, low death rate, very rapid increase in population (caused by sanitation and health)
stage 3 - decreasing birth rate and death rate, still increasing population (caused by family planning, improvements in health/education and a general desire for smaller families)
stage 4 - low birth rate, low death rate, high total population now growing steadily
stage 5 - low birth rate, slight death rate increase from aging population, population may start to decline

Question 33

Are there stage 1 countries?
1. True or false
2. Some examples of stage 1 communities of the DTM

Answer 33

no offiical country in the world is currently stage 1. There may be small communities of humans that are in stage 1 of the DTM.

Some indigenous groups in the Amazon or sub-saharan Africa are in stage one, but not all pre-contact indigenous people have high birth rates and how death rates

Question 34

Industrialization and population growth
Why would industrialization cause falling birth and death rates?

Answer 34

Why would industrialization cause falling birth and death rates?

Failling death rates are due to more abundant and reliable supplies, improved health care, access to medicine and technology, and better living conditions.

Birth rates decline more slowly as cultural traditions change

Question 35

Zero population growth. Explain
1. What this is
2. How it is caused
3. Is this is most of the world’s industrialized coutries? T/F?

Answer 35

today, most of the worlds industrialized countries have transitioned to low birth and death rates.

Many of these countries have reached zero population growth
When this occurs a country’s population does not grow

Question 36

Negative population growth. Explain
1. Examples of when it happened
2. How it affects countries (forces, encourages, causes)

Answer 36

In the late 1900s some countries experienced negative population growth (ex Germany and Hungary)

This situtation makes it difficult to keep the economy going. Countries are forced to find workers outside of their country to maintain economic activity

• This often encourages immigration
• It can also cause heightened tensions between “host” population and newcomers.

Question 37

Explain population movement and why people move to urban areas

Answer 37

The earths population is moving in great numbers

This had led to an increase in urbanization

What would cause people to move to urban areas?
* To find better life and jobs
* Urban areas are generally more populous

Question 38

How do cultural traditions and beliefs influence birth and death rates?

Answer 38

cultural traditions and beliefs also influence the birth and death rates.
Cultural traditions have led to some areas of the world having increases in population

Why?
Many places in the world such as Asia, Africa, and Latin America have strong cultural beliefs about family, mariage, and the value of children. This leads to a higher birth rate.

Question 39

List the 4 factors that impact longer life expectancy

Answer 39

• better lifestyle
• improved education
• better healthcare
• advanced medicine

Question 40

What did Hans Rosling, the Swedish academic and scientist, say about population growth and how to slow it down?

Answer 40

He states that as a result of equalizing health outcomes, low child mortality, and family planning, family sizes go down, and population growth slows in a predictable way.

While births exploded in the 20th century to around 2 billion children worldwide, that number has now leveled off and should stay around 2 billion this century.

Most future population growth will come from people between 30-85 years old living longer lives. Even though birth rates have stabilized, the large number of children already born will continue adding to population size as they grow up and have families of their own. So population will keep growing for now from this “current crop of children” having families, before stabilizing once they and their children are all alive.