Unit 2: The Natural Environment Flashcards
What are the effects of coastal recession of people and the environment in Happisburgh?
People: 1000 homes lost, 25 since 1995. Houses on beach road are now worth £1. Lifeboat station lost.
Environment: 50cm of land lost per year
What is the management strategy in Cromer?
6.5m sea wall which was refaced in 2014. It also acts as a promenade for tourists. Groynes trap sediment as it moves along the shore, forming a large beach in front of the village. Cliffs have been vegetated.
What is the management strategy in happisburgh?
5000 tonnes of granite rip rap were placed at cliffs in 2006. No further defences will be placed.
How does house design in Bangladesh reduce the effects of flooding?
Lift houses can move up and down to prevent damage in a flood. The stilts are made of water bottles so are appropriate for the local people.
What was the cause of the flooding in the river greta?
200mm of rain fell in some areas in the confluence of the river greta and derwent.
What were the effects of the flooding in Keswick?
7 schools closed, 100 people needed shelter and residents of ravensfield residential home evacuated.
How are the effects of flooding in Keswick reduced?
Waterproof doors and windows prevent water from getting in people’s houses. The environment agency measure the river levels at 3 points under the greta bridge. 2.2m high flood walls have been placed at the junction of High Hill road and Crosthwaite Road.
Why do people live near volcanoes? Give examples
Fertile soils (mount Vesuvius) Tourist attraction (mount etna) Perception of risk (mount Vesuvius)
Why do people live near areas where there are earthquakes?
Perception of risk (San Francisco) Raw materials (mount ijen, chile)
What are the causes and effects of the volcanic eruption in Montserrat?
In 1997, the North American plate subducts under the Caribbean plate. Pressure increased, causing a volcano. 23 people died, 150 houses were destroyed and the capital Plymouth was abandoned. 2/3 of the island was covered in ash and fired happened as volcanic gas ignited.
How is water available in the UK?
The Kielder reservoir can hold 200 billion litres of water. Water goes directly to the Tyne or it can be pumped into the wear and the tees at Riding Mill for use in Newcastle, Sunderland and Durham.
Water is taken from the river Tyne for irrigation and drinking.
London sits in a bed of chalk which holds a large amount of water. Water is pumped out using a borehole for a number of uses.
What are the causes of water supply problems in HICs?
Quality: in Italy, high calcium levels lead to kidney stones.
Leakage: some pipes in London are over 100 years old and 30% of water is lost due to leaks.
Spatial variation: lots of rain fall is Aragon and little in Barcelona where demand is high due to tourism.
Seasonal variation: in Malaga, they only receive 70mm of rain from May to October compared to 385mm the rest of the year.
What are the water problems faced by LICs?
Water borne diseases: cholera is caused by contaminated water.
Water pollution: oil mining in Ecuador has led to pollution.
How do people living in HICs manage water use?
Domestic: short flush toilets use 8 litres less water and having a shower uses half the amount used in a bath.
Agricultural: drip irrigation wastes less water.
Industrial: walkers crisps have reduced water usage by 50% per year. 30 water meters have been installed and they recycle water in the starch recovery programme.
How is water use managed in LICs?
Hand dug wells: wells are between 5 and 20 metres deep.
Boreholes: play pumps have been installed to reach water 100m below the surface. Water is pumped by children spinning a roundabout. It provides 1400 litres of clean water. 2 million people have clean water because of this
