Unit 2 - The International Agencies and Standard Setters

Question 1

The United Nations - UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

Answer 1

• The Commission formulates internatioal polities and recommeds activities in the fiels of crime controls
• offering national af forum for exchanging information
• settling on ways of fightning crime
• provides substandtive direction for the periodic UN Congresses on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders

The UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice acts as the governing body for the UN Office on Drug and Crime (UNOC)

Question 2

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

Answer 2

• Work for technical assistance to counterast terrorism.
• Based on mandates recommende by the UN Commission on Crime Prevantion and Criminal Justice and approved by the General Assembly

UNODC have to
- reviiwing domestic legislation and providing advice on drafting new laws
- provide in depht assistance on the ratification and implmentation of new legislation agrainst terrorism
- facilitating and providing training to national criminal justice systems on the practical implmentation of the universal instruments against terrorism

Question 3

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) (formål)

Answer 3

• The objective is to promote global economic stability throung international monetary cooperation and exchange stability
• Advice implementing economic and financial policies that promote stability, reduce vulnerability to crisis and encourange sustained growh and hiht living standards.
• Review global economic trends and developments that attect the health of monetary and financial systems
• promote dialogue among member countries

Question 4

The International Monetary fund (IMF) (Surveillance / overvågning)

Answer 4

• Countries that joins IMF accepts that if must subjcts its economic and financial policies to the scrutiny of the international community
• IMF is mandates to oversee the international monetary system and monitor the economics and financial policies of ist 187 member countries

Question 5

The world Bank

Answer 5

• Projects and operations are designed to support low-income and middle-income countries’ povety reduction strategies
• supports goverments in improving theis transparency accountability to critizenz, and provision of services, as these are key elements to faster and more effective devlopment
• The 2007 strategy paper ‘Strengthening World Bank Group on Governance and Anticorruption’ : Highlistede governance and anti-corruption issuses a critical to improving development outcomes

Question 6

Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative (StAR)

Answer 6

• a partnership with the UNODC
• StAR suppots international efforts to deter illicit flows of the proceeds of corruption and facilitace asset recovery and helps to build the capacity of asset recovery teams in countries
• it helps countries prepare mutual legal assistance requets
• develping knowledge and analytical resources for sharin international experience and promoting innovation

Question 7

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Answer 7

• The OECD’s work is based on continued monitoring of events in member countries as well
  as countries outside the OECD area
• includes regular projections of short-term and
  medium-term economic developments.
• Mutual evaluations by governments
• multilateral
  surveillance
• a peer review process through which the performance of individual
  countries is monitored by their peers, are all carried out at committee level

Question 8

OECD definition

Answer 8

The OECD’s work has been instrumental to the global anti-corruption
movement in three complementary directions:

1. fighting against
   transnational bribery and other forms of unfair competition
2. promotion
   of integrity and transparency;
3. good governance in the public and
   private sectors.

Question 9

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

Answer 9

• purpose is to establish international standards
• develop and promote policies, both at national and international levels, for combating
  money laundering and the financing of terrorism.
• FATF is a policy-making body that works
  to generate the necessary political will to bring about national legislative and regulatory
  reforms in these areas.
• FATF also regularly examines methods and techniques of money
  laundering and terrorist financing to ensure the continued relevance of its policies
  and standards.

Question 10

FATF’s regional bodies and GIFCS

Answer 10

The FSRBs are regional groups that interpret and implement the international standards
developed by FATF.

The development of FSRBs is also encouraged by active involvement
and support by one or more FATF members.

The FSRBs have the same objectives as
FATF and, as well as having similar forms and functions, also have observer status in FATF.
S
ome FATF members are also members of an FSRB. Where a regional structure that can
be adapted does not already exist, a new FSRB is created

Question 11

The importance of the FATF Recommendations

Question 12

FATF’s mandate

Answer 12

1. Setting, revising and clarifying the global standards and measures for combating
   money laundering and the financing of terrorism: FATF develops and keeps up
   to date international AML/CFT standards as well as additional interpretative notes,
   guidance and best practices.
2. Monitoring compliance with AML/CFT standards: FATF monitors the compliance of
   its members with the FATF Recommendations through a mutual evaluation process.
3. Promoting global implementation of FATF’s standards: FATF encourages the
   universal implementation of its standards by supporting FATF-style regional bodies
   (FSRBs) in all parts of the world, and through partnerships with international and
   regional organisations.
4. Identifying and responding to the methods and trends of money laundering
   and terrorist financing: FATF examines current typologies on a continuous basis to
   ensure that its AML/CFT policymaking is relevant and appropriate in dealing with the
   evolving threats.

Question 12

(FATF) The Strategic Surveillance Initiative

Answer 12

The objectives of the initiative are to:

• detect and share information on the types of criminal or terrorist activity that pose
  an emerging threat to the financial system
• develop a more strategic and longer-term view of these threats than had previously
  been possible

Question 12

The Council of Europe

Answer 12

• protect human rights, democracy and the rule of law
• promote awareness and encourage the development of Europe’s cultural identity
  and diversity
• find common solutions to the challenges facing European society
• consolidate democratic stability in Europe by backing political, legislative and
  constitutional reform.

Question 13

The Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) (The Council of EU)

Answer 13

• to monitor member states’ compliance with the Council’s anti-corruption standards.

GRECO’s objective is to improve the capacity of its members to fight corruption by
monitoring their compliance with Council of Europe anti-corruption standards through

• GRECO helps to identify
  deficiencies in national anti-corruption policies, prompting the necessary legislative,
  institutional and practical reforms.
• GRECO also provides a platform for the sharing of best
  practice in the prevention and detection of corruption.
• Membership of GRECO is not limited to Council of Europe member states

Question 14

The European Parliament, Council and Commission

Answer 14

There are three main institutions involved in EU legislation.

• The European Parliament represents the EU’s citizens and is directly elected by them.
• The Council of the European Union represents the governments of the individual member countries. The Presidency of the Council is shared by the member states
  on a rotating basis.
• The European Commission represents the interests of the EU as a whole.

Together, these three institutions produce the policies and laws that apply throughout the
EU. In principle, the Commission proposes new laws and the Parliament and Council adopt them.
The Commission and the member states then implement them, and the Commission
ensures that the laws are properly applied and implemented

Question 15

Transparancy International

Answer 15

• TI tackles corruption issues both nationally
  through its chapters and internationally through its secretariat.
• It is managed by a board
  of directors and an advisory council; membership of both includes eminent individuals
  of numerous nationalities.

TI has defined five global priorities in the fight against corruption:
1. corruption in politics
2. corruption in public contracting
3. corruption in the private sector
4. international anti-corruption conventions
5. poverty and development.

Question 16

The Wolfsberg Group

Answer 16

• Set of global AML guidelines for the private banking sector
• The Wolfsberg Group has no official status and its standards are not binding even for its
  own 12 members.
• The organisations provide a plethora of guidance and examples of good practice
  across the financial crime spheres of anti-money laundering, fraud prevention,
  anti-corruption and good governance which are there for us to utilise.
• Domestic law is set upon the example that these international organisations have
  provided, so if we understand the agenda of the international standard setters,
  we will gain a better understanding of domestic law in our own jurisdictions.
• The organisations promote cooperation and coordination between jurisdictions and
  can be useful in assisting with investigations which span across national borders
  -