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AP GOV > Unit 2: The Branches of the Federal Government > Flashcards

Unit 2: The Branches of the Federal Government Flashcards

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1
Q

Political culture

A

A set of widely shared beliefs, values, and norms concerning the ways that political and economic life ought to be carried out

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2
Q

Individualism

A

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

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3
Q

Laissez-faire (free enterprize)

A

Theory that the less the goverment is involved in the economy, the better the business will be and by extension- society as a whole

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4
Q

Rule of law

A

“no one is above the law”

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5
Q

Political Socialization

A

how people develop their personal knowledge, values, and opinions

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6
Q

Political ideology

A

set of belifes, values, and opinions of a class or large group that explains how society should work best

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7
Q

Generational effect

A

the long-lasting effect of the events of a particular time on the political opinions of those who came of age at that time

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8
Q

Life cycle effect

A

changes in opinion/ pattern of behavior that occur among most people at major points in their life (ex. marriage, parenthood, retirement)

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9
Q

Globalization

A

Increasing connections between people, cultures, economies, and nations done by technology, trade, and cultural diffusion

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10
Q

Outsourcing

A

a process by which the government contracts with a private for-profit or nonprofit organization to provide public services, such as disaster relief

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11
Q

Focus group

A

small group of voters chosen by a political campaign for their demographic similarities; brought together to gauge how the group they represent feels about the candidate

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12
Q

Scientific poll

A

define population, make sample, construct unbiased questions, conduct poll, and analyze and report data

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13
Q

Sample

A

in a public opinion poll, a relatively small number of individuals are interviewed to estimate the opinions of an entire population

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14
Q

Random sample

A

a part of the sampling technique in which each sample has an equal probability of being chosen

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15
Q

Representative sample

A

a sample from a larger group that accurately represents the characteristics of a larger population

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16
Q

Weighting

A

adjustments to surveys during analysis so that selected demographic groups reflect their values in the population, usually as measured by the census

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17
Q

Sampling error

A

a measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll

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18
Q

Mass survey

A

A way to measure public opinion by interviewing a large sample of the population

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19
Q

Entrance survey/poll

A

Voters being asked about which candidate they are going to vote for and why before walking into an election

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20
Q

Exit poll

A

a poll of people leaving a polling place, asking how they voted

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21
Q

Benchmark poll

A

surveys conducted to establish a baseline measurement of public opinion or sentiment on a particular issue, candidate, or topic

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22
Q

Tracking polls

A

continuous surveys that let a campaign/ news org. track a candidates daily rise or fall in support

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23
Q

Random digit dialing

A

A technique used by pollsters to play telephone calls randomly to both listed and unlisted numbers when conducting a survey

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24
Q

Question-wording

A

the phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll

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25
Q

Question Order

A

the sequencing of questions in public opinion polls

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26
Q

Right

A

Something fundamental to which all have access

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27
Q

Privilege

A

Something subject to political processes

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28
Q

Party ideology

A

a party’s philosophy about the proper role of government and its consistent set of positions on major issues

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29
Q

Party identification

A

someone’s attachment to a political party

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30
Q

Conservatism

A

an ideology that favors more regulation of social behavior and less government intervention w economy

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31
Q

Liberalism

A

Ideology favoring less gov control on social behavior and more regulation of the economy

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32
Q

Libertarianism

A

Favors little government intervention besides protecting property and individual liberty

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33
Q

Command-and-control

A

when the government dictates much of a nation’s economic activity including the amount of production and price of goods

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34
Q

mixed economy

A

when many economic decisions are left to individuals and businesses, with the federal and state governments regulating economic activity

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35
Q

Gross domestic product (GDP)

A

total value of goods and services produced by American economic activity

36
Q

Economic Recession

A

period of decline in economic activity

37
Q

unemployment rate

A

% of people actively looking for jobs who cannot find work

38
Q

inflation

A

rise in price of goods or services

39
Q

Consumer price index (CPI)

A

A basket of fixed goods and services over time used to measure the cost of living

40
Q

Fiscal policy

A

Government use of taxes and spending to try to lower unemployment and stabilize the economy

41
Q

Political participation

A

the different ways in which individuals take action to shape the laws and policies of government

42
Q

Political Action Committee (PAC)

A

organization that raises money for candidates and campaigns

43
Q

Linkage institution

A

channels that connect individuals with the government including elections, interest groups, media, and political parties

44
Q

Social Movement

A

Large groups of citizens organizing for political change

45
Q

Franchise (sufferage)

A

Right to vote

46
Q

26th amendment

A

lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

47
Q

24th amendment

A

prohibits state and federal government from charging poll tax

48
Q

Poll tax

A

the method used to suppress the poor from voting

49
Q

Voter turnout

A

the number of eligible voters who participate in an election as a percentage of the total number of eligible voters

50
Q

Demographic characters

A

age, race, ethnicity, gender,

51
Q

Socioeconomic status

A

measure of someones wealth, income, occupation, or education

52
Q

political efficacy

A

the confidence someone has that they can make effective political change

53
Q

Political mobilization

A

efforts by political parties to encourage their members to vote

54
Q

Registration requirements

A

Set of rules that decide who can vote, how, when, and where they vote

55
Q

Absentee ballot

A

voting is completed and submitted by a voter before an election without going to the polls

56
Q

Rational choice voting

A

voting based off what someone belives is in their best intrest

57
Q

retrospective voting

A

voting based on a candidates past performance

58
Q

Prospective voting

A

voting for a candidate based on what they say they will enact

59
Q

party-line voting

A

voting for candidates that are only in one political party

60
Q

Electoral college

A

a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president

61
Q

Winner-takes-all system

A

when a single political party or group can elect every office within a given district or jurisdiction

62
Q

battle ground state

A

a state where polls show a close contest between the Republican and democratic candidates in presidential election

63
Q

swing state

A

state where support for republican and democratic swings back and forth

64
Q

Super PAC

A

a fundraising organization that can raise & spend unlimited amounts of money from individuals, corporations, and unions, CANNOT coordinate with candidates

65
Q

Straight ticket voting

A

voting for all candidates on the ballot from one political party

66
Q

split-ticket voting

A

voting for candidates from different parties in one election

67
Q

party platform

A

set of positions and policy objectives that members of a political party agree to

68
Q

recruitment

A

a process which political parties identify potential canidates

69
Q

Party coalition

A

groups of voters who support a political party over time

70
Q

realignment

A

when the groups of people that support one political party shift their support to a different one

71
Q

critical election

A

major national election that signals a change in the balance of power between the two parties

72
Q

party era

A

era where one party wins most national elections

73
Q

era of divided government

A

when one party controls one or both houses of congress with the president being from the opposing party

74
Q

nomination

A

formal process which parties choose their candidates for political office

75
Q

delegate

A

a person who acts as the voters’ representative at a convention to select the party’s presidential nominee

76
Q

Primary election

A

an election where states voters choose a delegate who supports a candidate for nomination

77
Q

open primary

A

primary election where all voters can vote regardless of their party affiliation

78
Q

closed primary

A

primary election where only registered voters from a party can vote

79
Q

caucus

A

process where state-eligible voters meet to select delegates

80
Q

superdelegate

A

a person who is chosen as a delegate to a political party’s presidential nominating convention because of his or her status as a leader or official within the party and who is free to vote for any candidate regardless of the results of the popular vote

81
Q

front loading

A

when a state pushes for the primary or caucus to a date as early as possible to attempt to make it more impactful

82
Q

national convention

A

meeting where delegates officially select their party nominee for the presidency

83
Q

Candidate-centered compromise

A

a trend where candidates develop their own strategies and raise money with less influence from the party elite

84
Q

two-party system

A

a system where two political parties dominate politics, winning almost all elections

85
Q

proportional representation system

A

election system for legislation where citizens vote for parties, rather than people and parties are represented in legislature according to the percent of the vote they recieve

86
Q

single-member plurality system

A

The candidate who gets more votes than any other candidate is declared the winner

87
Q

third party

A

minor political party in competition with the two major parties

AP GOV (2 decks)

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