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AP US History > Unit 2 The American Revolution > Flashcards

Unit 2 The American Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Paul Revere

A

American silversmith
Patriot
Alerting the colonial militia of the British forces approaching before the battles of Lexington and Concord

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2
Q

John Locke

A

English philosopher and physician

Enlightenment thinker- influenced the American Revolutionaries

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3
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

Philosopher- influenced the Enlightenment and French Revolution
Writer
Composer
Influenced development of the modern political and educational thought

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4
Q

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A

Those who took the law into their hands
Cried “Liberty, Property, and No Stamps.”
Enforced nonimportation agreements against violators
Coat of tar and feathers
Patriots tormented them

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5
Q

Mercy Otis Warren

A

Political writer
Propagandist of the American Revolution
Published poems and plays that attacked royal authority in Massachusetts and urged colonists to resist British influences on colonial rights

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6
Q

Chief Little Turtle and the Western Confederacy

A

Chief of the Miami people
Native American military leader
Serval victories against the US forces during Northwest Indian wars
Defeated General St. Clair, that was considered the most decisive loss for the US

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7
Q

Iroquois Confederation

A

Iroquois divided into separate groups all under one main authority
Joined the British
Believed British winning would prevent Americans from migrating westward
Took over areas of backcountry until approached by American forces
Forced to sign Treaty of Fort Stanwix between the Americans, which ceded their land

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8
Q

French and Indian War

A

Fourth Anglo-French colonial war
Began in America
Fought for 2 years then lead into the Seven Years War
Indians and French fought Britain for equal rights and trying to protect their land/culture

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9
Q

Albany Plan of Union (1754)

A 
Wanted a greater colonial unity 
Bolster the defense against France 
Colonial home rule- control themselves 
Benjamin Franklin 
Colonists believed it did not give enough independence
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10
Q

Peace of Paris (1763)

A

Three American negotiations: aging but astute Benjamin Franklin, John Adams (New England interests), and John Jay (Old World fanatic)
Instructions from Congress to make no separate peace and consult with French allies
John Jay believed France was gonna betray America to satisfy Spain; secretly made plans with London

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11
Q

salutary neglect

A

British policy of preventing strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England

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12
Q

Whigs

A

Opposition factions in Britain

Those who opposed the British government, Radicals

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13
Q

Parliament

A

Legislative body in any obvious other countries

Meetings for conference in public or national affairs

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14
Q

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

A

The Treaty of Paris caused the removal of Spanians from Florida and French from Canada
Indians were deprived of their diplomatic weapon, play off european powers against each other
Indians being aided by french traders, campaign to drive British out
Took over all 3 Britain posts killing 2,000

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15
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Prohibited settlement beyond the Appalachians
Solve the problem with the Indians and prevent another confrontation
Colonists felt oppressed

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16
Q

Sugar Act (1764)

A

First law passed for raising tax
Increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from West Indies
Colonists protested for taxes to be lowered

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17
Q

Quartering Act (1765)

A

Certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops

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18
Q

Stamp Act (1765)

A

Use of stamped paper or affixing of stamps certified payment of tax
Stamps were required on bills of sale for about 50 items
Support military forces

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19
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

27 delegates brought together from 9 colonies to discuss colonists view of the Stamp Act
Ignored in England

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20
Q

Declaratory Act (1766)

A

Parliaments right to bind colonies in all cases
Colonists drew a line stating they want sovereignty of their own and would do anything to secure it
Statue of King George was melted into bullets to fire at British troops

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21
Q

Townshend Acts (1767)

A

Light import on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea
Distinction between internal and eternal taxes, more payable at american ports
Pay the salaries of royal governors and judges
Colonists felt enchained once again

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22
Q

writs of assistance

A

Written order issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official to perform certain tasks (tax collector or sheriff)

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23
Q

Boston Massacre (1770)

A

Colonists disliked how the soldiers acted, drunk
Felt that they were not really protecting the people
Disliked how the government forced the people to basically take care of the soldiers, taxes and allow them in their homes
Protesting the government
Colonists were throwing rocks at the soldiers provoking them to shoot
Soldiers killed/injured 11 people

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24
Q

Gaspee incident

A

British customs schooner involved in anti-smuggling operations, ran aground in shallow water in the boat Hannah
Abraham Whipple and John Brown led a group of men to attack and torch his hip

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25
Committees of Correspondence
Samuel Adams, first one in Massachusetts Spread the spirit of resistance by sending letters and keep alive opposition to the British policy 80 towns in the colony set up similar organizations soon after the first one
26
Tea Act (1773)
British East India Company had 17 million pounds of unsold tea Facing bankruptcy, if collapsed the London government would lose ta revenue
27
Boston Tea Party (1773)
Colonists disliked the amount of tax put on tea Colonists disguised themselves, Indians, and snuck onto the ship Dumped tea into the Harbor
28
Intolerable Acts
Chartered rights were restricted | "Massacre of American Liberty"
29
First Continental Congress (1774)
Met in Massachusetts Congress put together to discuss the grievances of the colonists from the colonies by the people 55 delegates 12 out of 13 colonies
30
Minutemen
Warriors believed to be able to be dressed for battle within 60 seconds
31
Lexington and Concord
British commander sent troops to steal gunpowder and capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock Minute men refused to fight 8 killed Americans and numerous injured Redcoats retreated from the Americans in Concord Britain regained sanctuary in Boston to count casualties Began a war
32
Battle of Bunker Hill
Colonists seized a hill and blundered a frontal attack with 3,000 men American sharpshooters killed 1,500 redcoats Colonists gunpowder gave out and were forced to retreat
33
Prohibitory Act (1775)
Retaliation by Britain against the general rebellion going on in the American colonies American Revolution- naval blockades against American ports
34
Olive Branch Petition
Professing American loyalty to the crown Continental Congress adopted King refused all reconciliation, confirmed colonies in rebellion Hired german troops to rid of rebellion subjects, knowing of their reputation 6 German princes
35
Second Continental Congress (1775)
Met in Philadelphia All 13 colonies represented Fighting in hope that the king and Parliament would consent in grievances of the colonists
36
Patriots
Those who fought against the British government Rebelled Set up assemblies Protested
37
Loyalists (Tories)
Those who are loyal to the king/government Tories- powerful political factions in Britain Loyalists were banished, imprisoned, tortured by radicals Excluded from society, acknowledged as if they were not Americans too
38
Battle of Saratoga
Burgoyne was heading north of Albany when American men surrounded him British army was trapped once General Arnold was shot in the leg Americans forced Burgoyne to surrender his whole command to General Horatio Gates
39
absolute monarch
Government which the monarch has absolute power amongst the people Unrestricted political power over the state and people
40
Battle of Yorktown
British was known to control the sea France developed and decided to join the Americans George Washington, america, marched for 3,000 miles, besetting the British on land French blockaded them, providing mainly sea power Surrounded the British and forced them surrender
41
Treaty of Paris (1783)
British recognized The United States independence Granted generous boundaries Americans promised to stop prosecuting loyalists, restore their land British vowed to put no lawful obstacle to prevent collection of debts
42
Articles of Confederation
Congress appointed those to draft a written constitution for the new nation 13 independent states were jointed together No executive branch
43
unicameral legislature
Practice of having one legislative or parliamentary house
44
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Judicious compromise- temporary tutelage, parliament equality 2 evolutionary territorial stages Territory inhabitant of 60,000 is summited as a state, same privileges of the charter members
45
Coercive Acts (1774)
Series of 4 acts established by the British government | Restore order in Massachusetts and punish colonists for the Boston Tea Party
46
Quebec Act (1774)
How to administer the conquered French subjects in Canada Guaranteed the French their catholic religion Permitted to retain old customs, except representative assembly or trial by jury
47
Enlightenment
Age of Reason | Cultural and intellectual forces emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism than traditional lines of authority
48
Deism
Reason than revelation Science than the bible Believed in a supreme being who created a universe and endowed human beings with a moral behavior capacity
49
rationalism
Opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge than religious beliefs or emotional response
50
Anti-Federalists
Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Richard Henry Lee Consisted of the lower classes Believed Constitution to be a plot to revolt power from the people Government should be ran under one branch, legislative Bill of Rights
51
Bill of Rights; amendments
``` Gave the colonists freedom they desired and fought for Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Freedom of press Right to bear arms and try by a jury Right to assemble and petition Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment Arbitrary government seizure of private property ```
52
legislative branch
Branch that decides what matters most that affects the empire
53
Constitutional Convention
Annapolis, Maryland 5 states represented Control of commerce Congress summon a meeting to deal with commerce and all the details of the Articles of Confederation
54
checks and balances
System used to keep the government from getting too powerful in one branch
55
Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan
Virginia- representation in both bicameral Congress houses should be based on population (give larger state the advantage) New Jersey- equal representation in a unicameral congress by states regardless of population/size Smaller states feared larger states would band together and lord it, under Virginias plan
56
Great Compromise
Larger states were conceded representation by population in House of Representatives Smaller states were given equal representation in Senate
57
Shays’ Rebellion
Rebellion on how the government was not paying soldiers their debt Government were trying to take away farm lands Struggling to receive money to pay colonists, could not tax colonists more Daniel Shay started inspired colonists to stand up to The British Government
58
Three-fifths Compromise; slave trade
Slaves counted as three-fifths of a person
59
electoral college system
Founding fathers established in the Constitution as a compromise between election of Prediendsy by a vote in congress or election of Prediendsy by a popular vote of qualified citizens
60
Federalists
Those who believed the government should be run under three branches Executive Judiciary Legislative So not one person controls everything, embedding doctrine of self-rule
61
March of the Paxton Boys
Protesting the Quaker oligarchy lenient policy toward the Indians No support for any government that uprooted them then lorded over them, British government
62
Patrick Henry
Antifederalist Declined to serve as a delegate from Virginia Believed that Constitution was a scheme to steal power back from the people Economy should be ran under a single government authority Part of the First Continental Congress to discuss colonial grievances (after Intolerable Acts)

AP US History (4 decks)

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