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AP US History > Unit 2 The American Revolution > Flashcards

Unit 2 The American Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Paul Revere

A

American silversmith
Patriot
Alerting the colonial militia of the British forces approaching before the battles of Lexington and Concord

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2
Q

John Locke

A

English philosopher and physician

Enlightenment thinker- influenced the American Revolutionaries

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3
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

Philosopher- influenced the Enlightenment and French Revolution
Writer
Composer
Influenced development of the modern political and educational thought

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4
Q

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A

Those who took the law into their hands
Cried “Liberty, Property, and No Stamps.”
Enforced nonimportation agreements against violators
Coat of tar and feathers
Patriots tormented them

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5
Q

Mercy Otis Warren

A

Political writer
Propagandist of the American Revolution
Published poems and plays that attacked royal authority in Massachusetts and urged colonists to resist British influences on colonial rights

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6
Q

Chief Little Turtle and the Western Confederacy

A

Chief of the Miami people
Native American military leader
Serval victories against the US forces during Northwest Indian wars
Defeated General St. Clair, that was considered the most decisive loss for the US

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7
Q

Iroquois Confederation

A

Iroquois divided into separate groups all under one main authority
Joined the British
Believed British winning would prevent Americans from migrating westward
Took over areas of backcountry until approached by American forces
Forced to sign Treaty of Fort Stanwix between the Americans, which ceded their land

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8
Q

French and Indian War

A

Fourth Anglo-French colonial war
Began in America
Fought for 2 years then lead into the Seven Years War
Indians and French fought Britain for equal rights and trying to protect their land/culture

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9
Q

Albany Plan of Union (1754)

A 
Wanted a greater colonial unity 
Bolster the defense against France 
Colonial home rule- control themselves 
Benjamin Franklin 
Colonists believed it did not give enough independence
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10
Q

Peace of Paris (1763)

A

Three American negotiations: aging but astute Benjamin Franklin, John Adams (New England interests), and John Jay (Old World fanatic)
Instructions from Congress to make no separate peace and consult with French allies
John Jay believed France was gonna betray America to satisfy Spain; secretly made plans with London

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11
Q

salutary neglect

A

British policy of preventing strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England

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12
Q

Whigs

A

Opposition factions in Britain

Those who opposed the British government, Radicals

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13
Q

Parliament

A

Legislative body in any obvious other countries

Meetings for conference in public or national affairs

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14
Q

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

A

The Treaty of Paris caused the removal of Spanians from Florida and French from Canada
Indians were deprived of their diplomatic weapon, play off european powers against each other
Indians being aided by french traders, campaign to drive British out
Took over all 3 Britain posts killing 2,000

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15
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Prohibited settlement beyond the Appalachians
Solve the problem with the Indians and prevent another confrontation
Colonists felt oppressed

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16
Q

Sugar Act (1764)

A

First law passed for raising tax
Increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from West Indies
Colonists protested for taxes to be lowered

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17
Q

Quartering Act (1765)

A

Certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops

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18
Q

Stamp Act (1765)

A

Use of stamped paper or affixing of stamps certified payment of tax
Stamps were required on bills of sale for about 50 items
Support military forces

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19
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

27 delegates brought together from 9 colonies to discuss colonists view of the Stamp Act
Ignored in England

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20
Q

Declaratory Act (1766)

A

Parliaments right to bind colonies in all cases
Colonists drew a line stating they want sovereignty of their own and would do anything to secure it
Statue of King George was melted into bullets to fire at British troops

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21
Q

Townshend Acts (1767)

A

Light import on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea
Distinction between internal and eternal taxes, more payable at american ports
Pay the salaries of royal governors and judges
Colonists felt enchained once again

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22
Q

writs of assistance

A

Written order issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official to perform certain tasks (tax collector or sheriff)

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23
Q

Boston Massacre (1770)

A

Colonists disliked how the soldiers acted, drunk
Felt that they were not really protecting the people
Disliked how the government forced the people to basically take care of the soldiers, taxes and allow them in their homes
Protesting the government
Colonists were throwing rocks at the soldiers provoking them to shoot
Soldiers killed/injured 11 people

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24
Q

Gaspee incident

A

British customs schooner involved in anti-smuggling operations, ran aground in shallow water in the boat Hannah
Abraham Whipple and John Brown led a group of men to attack and torch his hip

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25
Q

Committees of Correspondence

A

Samuel Adams, first one in Massachusetts
Spread the spirit of resistance by sending letters and keep alive opposition to the British policy
80 towns in the colony set up similar organizations soon after the first one

26
Q

Tea Act (1773)

A

British East India Company had 17 million pounds of unsold tea
Facing bankruptcy, if collapsed the London government would lose ta revenue

27
Q

Boston Tea Party (1773)

A

Colonists disliked the amount of tax put on tea
Colonists disguised themselves, Indians, and snuck onto the ship
Dumped tea into the Harbor

28
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

Chartered rights were restricted

“Massacre of American Liberty”

29
Q

First Continental Congress (1774)

A

Met in Massachusetts
Congress put together to discuss the grievances of the colonists from the colonies by the people
55 delegates
12 out of 13 colonies

30
Q

Minutemen

A

Warriors believed to be able to be dressed for battle within 60 seconds

31
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

British commander sent troops to steal gunpowder and capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock
Minute men refused to fight
8 killed Americans and numerous injured
Redcoats retreated from the Americans in Concord
Britain regained sanctuary in Boston to count casualties
Began a war

32
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A

Colonists seized a hill and blundered a frontal attack with 3,000 men
American sharpshooters killed 1,500 redcoats
Colonists gunpowder gave out and were forced to retreat

33
Q

Prohibitory Act (1775)

A

Retaliation by Britain against the general rebellion going on in the American colonies
American Revolution- naval blockades against American ports

34
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

Professing American loyalty to the crown
Continental Congress adopted
King refused all reconciliation, confirmed colonies in rebellion
Hired german troops to rid of rebellion subjects, knowing of their reputation
6 German princes

35
Q

Second Continental Congress (1775)

A

Met in Philadelphia
All 13 colonies represented
Fighting in hope that the king and Parliament would consent in grievances of the colonists

36
Q

Patriots

A

Those who fought against the British government
Rebelled
Set up assemblies
Protested

37
Q

Loyalists (Tories)

A

Those who are loyal to the king/government
Tories- powerful political factions in Britain
Loyalists were banished, imprisoned, tortured by radicals
Excluded from society, acknowledged as if they were not Americans too

38
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Burgoyne was heading north of Albany when American men surrounded him
British army was trapped once General Arnold was shot in the leg
Americans forced Burgoyne to surrender his whole command to General Horatio Gates

39
Q

absolute monarch

A

Government which the monarch has absolute power amongst the people
Unrestricted political power over the state and people

40
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

British was known to control the sea
France developed and decided to join the Americans
George Washington, america, marched for 3,000 miles, besetting the British on land
French blockaded them, providing mainly sea power
Surrounded the British and forced them surrender

41
Q

Treaty of Paris (1783)

A

British recognized The United States independence
Granted generous boundaries
Americans promised to stop prosecuting loyalists, restore their land
British vowed to put no lawful obstacle to prevent collection of debts

42
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Congress appointed those to draft a written constitution for the new nation
13 independent states were jointed together
No executive branch

43
Q

unicameral legislature

A

Practice of having one legislative or parliamentary house

44
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Judicious compromise- temporary tutelage, parliament equality
2 evolutionary territorial stages
Territory inhabitant of 60,000 is summited as a state, same privileges of the charter members

45
Q

Coercive Acts (1774)

A

Series of 4 acts established by the British government

Restore order in Massachusetts and punish colonists for the Boston Tea Party

46
Q

Quebec Act (1774)

A

How to administer the conquered French subjects in Canada
Guaranteed the French their catholic religion
Permitted to retain old customs, except representative assembly or trial by jury

47
Q

Enlightenment

A

Age of Reason

Cultural and intellectual forces emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism than traditional lines of authority

48
Q

Deism

A

Reason than revelation
Science than the bible
Believed in a supreme being who created a universe and endowed human beings with a moral behavior capacity

49
Q

rationalism

A

Opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge than religious beliefs or emotional response

50
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Richard Henry Lee
Consisted of the lower classes
Believed Constitution to be a plot to revolt power from the people
Government should be ran under one branch, legislative
Bill of Rights

51
Q

Bill of Rights; amendments

A 
Gave the colonists freedom they desired and fought for 
Freedom of religion 
Freedom of speech 
Freedom of press 
Right to bear arms and try by a jury 
Right to assemble and petition 
Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment 
Arbitrary government seizure of private property
52
Q

legislative branch

A

Branch that decides what matters most that affects the empire

53
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

Annapolis, Maryland
5 states represented
Control of commerce
Congress summon a meeting to deal with commerce and all the details of the Articles of Confederation

54
Q

checks and balances

A

System used to keep the government from getting too powerful in one branch

55
Q

Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan

A

Virginia- representation in both bicameral Congress houses should be based on population (give larger state the advantage)
New Jersey- equal representation in a unicameral congress by states regardless of population/size
Smaller states feared larger states would band together and lord it, under Virginias plan

56
Q

Great Compromise

A

Larger states were conceded representation by population in House of Representatives
Smaller states were given equal representation in Senate

57
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Rebellion on how the government was not paying soldiers their debt
Government were trying to take away farm lands
Struggling to receive money to pay colonists, could not tax colonists more
Daniel Shay started inspired colonists to stand up to The British Government

58
Q

Three-fifths Compromise; slave trade

A

Slaves counted as three-fifths of a person

59
Q

electoral college system

A

Founding fathers established in the Constitution as a compromise between election of Prediendsy by a vote in congress or election of Prediendsy by a popular vote of qualified citizens

60
Q

Federalists

A

Those who believed the government should be run under three branches
Executive
Judiciary
Legislative
So not one person controls everything, embedding doctrine of self-rule

61
Q

March of the Paxton Boys

A

Protesting the Quaker oligarchy lenient policy toward the Indians
No support for any government that uprooted them then lorded over them, British government

62
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Antifederalist
Declined to serve as a delegate from Virginia
Believed that Constitution was a scheme to steal power back from the people
Economy should be ran under a single government authority
Part of the First Continental Congress to discuss colonial grievances (after Intolerable Acts)

AP US History (4 decks)

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