Unit 2 Test Flashcards
Which organization determines the beginning and end dates of a recession?
the National Bureau of Economic Research
A business cycle is:
the periodic fluctuation of economic activity.
U.S. business cycles since 1950 have shown
expansions to be longer than recessions.
GDP
C+Ig+G+Xn
The economy is currently experiencing negative growth rates, which analysts believe will continue into the near future.
Recession
NDP: National Domestic Product
GDP-Depreciation
NI: National Income
NDP+Net Foreign Income Abroad
PI: Personal Income
NI- (Indirect Business taxes+ss taxes+corp. taxes+undistributed corporate profits)+transfer payments.
DI: Disposable Income
PI- personal taxes
The largest component of GDP is:
Consumption expenditure
Which of the following is NOT included in gross private domestic investment?
purchases of common stock by investors
Simon Kuznets:
devised the gross national product as a way of measuring a nation’s economic output.
When Mr. Wilson worked full time, he paid a service to have his house cleaned twice a month. Now that he is retired, Mr. Wilson does his own cleaning. What is the effect on GDP?
GDP falls as a result of this change.
The four types of spending in GDP are personal consumer spending, _____ private domestic investment, government spending, and _____.
gross; net exports
The economy has recently experienced a significant decline, though analysts believe the future outlook will bring economic growth
Trough
The U.S. gross domestic product is equal to the total market value of all:
final goods and services produced by resources in the United States.
Which of the following items would be included in the GDP accounts?
paying $50 consultation fee over the phone with a psychic adviser
We are most likely to see a recession if interest rates on long-term bonds are:
lower than interest rates on short-term bonds.
GDP can be found either by adding up all of the _____ or all of the _____ in the economy.
spending; income
The value of cars that the Ford Motor Company produces in a German plant:
is a part of the US GNP
What event was a major influence on the development of macroeconomics?
The Great Depression
The idea that all income ultimately goes to households, which then use it to buy goods and services from firms, is a central idea of the:
Circular Flow Diagram
Suppose an economy has historically grown at a rate of 1.25%. Economic activity decreased every quarter over the past year, but the decline stopped this quarter. The economy is expected to grow at a rate of 1.4% in the near future, but monetary authorities are concerned that inflation may increase. This economy is probably in the _____ stage of the business cycle.
Trough
Which of the following describes the informal economy?
It is largely unmeasured.
Core inflation is found by removing _____ from the consumer price index.
Food and Energy
Nominal GDP
Deflator x Real GDP
The twin perils of the modern macro economy are said to be:
inflation and unemployment.
Arlina got a 5% raise while the rate of inflation was 6%. Arlina’s standard of living:
fell by 1%
Real GDP
Nominal/Deflator
Which of the following items is NOT included in the GDP deflator?
Imported mangoes
People who are considered unemployed include:
None of those listed is considered unemployed.
Workers who want to work but have been frustrated by the inability to find work and have stopped searching are known as:
discouraged workers
Suppose that anticipated inflation is 4% for the coming year, with loan contracts set at 7% with the expectation of a 3% return after inflation. If the actual inflation rate at the end of the year is 2%:
creditors gain at the expense of debtors.
If your salary was $50,000 last year, and this year you receive a cost-of-living increase tied to the consumer price index (CPI), what will your salary be this year assuming the CPI has risen from 110 to 114?
51,818
_____ is a reduction in the rate of inflation.
Disinflation
The GDP deflator is an index that includes prices of all of the following EXCEPT:
imports
Which one of the following would NOT lead to higher prices?
an increase in the supply of food
If a product becomes obsolete and the workers who produced that product will need additional training to find new jobs, then they are experiencing:
structural unemployment.
If nominal GDP in 2014 is $20,000 billion while real GDP is $16,000 billion, then the GDP deflator in 2014 is:
125
If the cost of a typical market basket in 2019 is 400 and the cost of a typical market basket in 2020 is 390, then during this period the economy is undergoing:
deflation
If actual unemployment is at its natural rate:
inflation is very low
If the current year’s consumer price index is 214 and last year’s consumer price index was 209, then the rate of inflation is:
2.4%
If the multiplier is 2 and investment spending falls by $5 billion, then equilibrium income:
decreases by $10 billion.
Suppose full employment real GDP is $13 trillion, current real GDP is $13.2 trillion, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.5. The inflationary gap is:
$0.1 trillion
After the acceptance of Keynesian analysis, the government:
actions toward macroeconomic policy grew significantly
If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.9 and income increases from $10,000 to $11,000, by how much does consumption increase?
$900
The 45-degree line in the Keynesian model represents:
AE=Y
_____ is the change in consumption associated with a change in income.
The marginal propensity to consume
Which of the following illustrates the paradox of thrift?
Consumer uncertainty causes people to save more; consumption falls; equilibrium income and production falls; savings decreases because income is lower.
In the Keynesian model, the principal determinant of saving is:
Income
If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.85, the value of the spending multiplier will be:
6.67
At point A on the consumption spending graph, in which the lines intersect
Saving zero
Which of the following did classical economists believe would happen if the economy experienced a downturn?
The economy would self-correct
The slope of the saving schedule is:
1 minus the marginal propensity to consume.
If disposable income is $3,000 and saving is $1,200, how much is the average propensity to consume?
0.6
If a government always balances its budget:
The effect of an increase in government spending on aggregate expenditures is weakened.
The 45-degree line in the Keynesian model represents a set of points where _____ equals _____
disposable income; consumption
Show how the aggregate expenditure curve changes if investment decreases
Drops underneath
If aggregate expenditures equals $7,600 and aggregate income equals $8,000, businesses will produce:
less, lowering both employment and income.
Firms decide how much to invest by comparing the rate of return on their projects with:
the interest rate
If $1,000 of additional spending occurs and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8, the total effect on the economy is an increase of _____ in income or output.
$5,000
The short-run aggregate supply curve is positively sloped because:
many input prices are slow to change in the short run.
A stronger dollar will shift the U.S. aggregate demand curve to the _____ and _____ output demanded.
left; decrease
Which of the following may be an explanation for the shift in aggregate demand from line A to line B?
Interest rates fall and boost investments.
Simultaneous recession and deflation can be explained by:
a decrease in aggregate demand.
The country of Marin has the short-run aggregate supply curve, what will happen if workers in this country become more productive.
Since costs have fallen in this case, then the new short-run aggregate supply curve will lie to the right of the original curve
Cost-push inflation is a situation in which the:
short-run aggregate supply curve shifts leftward.
Which is a determinant of aggregate supply?
productivity
Increased consumer confidence will shift the aggregate demand curve to the _____ and _____ output demanded.
right; increase
High taxes and/or heavy regulation:
raise costs of production so that the aggregate supply curve shifts to the left.
If oil prices decline, the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts _____ and output supplied will _____.
right; increase
What would cause the price level to decrease and employment to increase?
a shift to the right of the SRAS curve
_____ is the output of goods and services demanded at different price levels.
Aggregate demand
Which of the following tends to make aggregate demand decrease by more than the amount that consumer spending decreases?
the multiplier effect
If the pound sterling appreciates against the U.S. dollar, England buys _____ U.S. goods, causing the U.S. aggregate demand curve to shift to the _____.
more; right
A rising aggregate price level _____ an economy’s interest rates and therefore _____ output demanded.
increases; reduces
Which of the following will NOT shift the aggregate supply curve to the left?
an increase in the price of crude oil
The long-run aggregate supply curve uses the classical assumptions that all variables are _____ in the long run and that long-run equilibrium occurs at _____.
flexible; full employment
