Unit 2 Test Flashcards
define a chemical change
define a chemical change
a change that takes place when reactant particles combine to produce new product particles
List the indicators of chemical change
- Gas or bubble production
- Energy release or absorption
- Possible colour change
- Precipitate formation
Describe a synthesis reaction
two reactants combine to form one larger, more complex product.
provide the general formulas of synthesis reactions
A + B —> AB
AB + C —> ABC
describe a decomposition reaction
these reactions involve the break-up (or decomposition) of a compound into its elements and/or simpler compounds.
provide the general formulas of decomposition reactions
AB —> A + B
ABC —> AB + C
describe a single displacement reaction.
One element in a compound is exchanged or replaced with another element.
provide the general formulas of a single displacement reaction
(electrophilic) A + BC —> AC + B
(nucleophilic) A + BC —> BA + C
describe an electrophilic exchange.
occurs when a metal changes places with a metal (cation) that is bonded to an anion in a compound.
describe a nucleophilic exchange
occurs when a non-metal changes places with a non-metal (anion) that is bonded to a cation in a compound.
describe a double displacement reaction
involves 2 reacting compounds; the cations of the 2 compounds exchange anion “partners” resulting in the formation of two new compounds.
what is the general equation of an acid synthesis reaction?
non-metal oxide + water —> acid
what is the general equation of a base synthesis reaction?
metallic oxide + water —> base
define an oxide.
a compound of any element combined with oxygen
define an acid
a compound that produces hydrogen ions when mixed with water. acids have a value that is less than 7 on the pH scale.
define a base
a compound that produces hydroxide ions when mixed with water. bases have a value that is greater than 7 on the pH scale.
what is a hydrocarbon
a compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon
the complete combustion of any hydrocarbon will always result in the production of…
carhon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)
incomplete combustion results in the production of…
carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon (C) in addition to CO2 and H2O.
what colour does phenolphthalein turn in acid? in base?
in acid: colourless.
in base: magenta.
what colour does bromothymol blue turn in acid? in base?
in acid: yellow
in base: blue
aqueous means?
dissolved in water
how do you test for oxygen?
oxygen will make a glowing splint burst into flames.
