unit 2 test

Question 1

What is the decalogue?
What does the Decalogue state?

Answer 1

*Decalogue: an alternative name for the 10 commandments

-set of biblical principles relating to ethics and morality.

Question 2

Difference between covenant & contract?

3 elements of a Biblical Covenant?

Answer 2

*Contract:
-legally binding agreement to do or not to do something
-“this is yours, this is mine”
-mutual advantage
-temporary
-the penalty paid for breaching the contract is considered to be adequate compensation
-no moral failing is involved in the breach

*Covenant:
-ancient construct wherein 2 parties promise to do or not to do something
-“I am yours, and you are mine”
-mutual sacrifice
-permanent and sacred
-we should honour our word and keep our promises
-its is considered immoral to breach a covenant (bretrayal of trust)

1) Covenant is a BOND

2) Covenant is a BOND IN BLOOD

3) Covenant is a BOND IN BLOOD UNILATERALLY

Question 3

4 legacies of faith left by Moses?

Answer 3

1) There is but 1 god (Yaweh)

2) Yaweh is a saving God who enters our history

3) Yaweh has taken the initiative to establish a personal relationship with His people

4) The Law of God is essential to the Covenant

Question 4

6 steps in the structure of a call story?

Answer 4

1) Confrontation with God (an encounter)

2) Introductory speech (God speaks first)

3) Imparting of a mission (“I send you”)

4) Objection by the prophet-to-be (their burden is that their mission to the people will set them apart)

5) Reassurance by God

6) The sign (not always clear)

Question 5

Call stories of prophets:

Answer 5

*Isaiah:
-he went to temple to worship and saw 3 things about God (holiness, glory, and incredibleness almighty)
-God told him to go to the people of Israel and send them a message (Isaiah offered his service)

*Jeremiah:
-God chose him, met him, spoke to him, touched his lips, and commissioned him as a prophet
-God told him he is the prophet to the nations and to speak to whomever about what God commands him to speak

*Ezekiel:
-God came to him as an exile in a foreign land
-God told him to speak to the nation of rebels in Israel who have rebelled against God

*Moses
-God came to him in the form of a burning bush
-God asked him to free the Israelites out of Egypt

*Gideon:
-God came to him and said to deliver Israel from the hand of Midian
-God promised Gideon victory and safety
-God asked Gideon to gather unleavened cakes and meat

Question 6

Characteristics of true & false prophets?

Answer 6

*True prophet:
-Doesn’t attempt to call attention to their own persons as much as their message
-Don’t see themselves as worthy/capable of the mission God has given them, ask not to be chosen
-Promote justice, unity, peace
-Willing to sacrifice their lives
-Always concerned about welfare of others

*False prophets:
-Seek personal glory/material reward
-Create hierarchy to feel superior
-Rarely “go the extra mile”
-Their facade will eventually wear off and they’ll come off as selfish

Question 7

What is prayer?
3 types of prayer?
4 benefits of prayer?
What type is ubiquitous to all traditions?

Answer 7

*Prayer:
-important practice for Christians
-it’s the raising of one’s mind & heart to God
-it’s the personal & living relationship of the children of God with their Father who is infinitely good
-without prayer, our relationship with God fades

*Types:
1) Vocal (blessing/adoration, thanksgiving)
2) Meditation (focusing the mind to be become more aware of God’s presence)
3) Contemplation (being “with” or present to God)

*Benefits:
-brings about change
-changes our focus
-calms us
-brings us closer to God
-strengthens faith
-a way to help others
-unites communities

*Ubiquitous:
-prayer of blessing (vocal)

Question 8

4 Gospels: their audience + their theme

Answer 8

*Matthew:
-Audience: Educated Jews
-Theme: Teaching

*Mark:
-Audience: Persecuted Gentiles
-Theme: Suffering

*Luke:
-Audience: Wealthy Gentiles + the oppressed
-Theme: Compassion

*John:
-Audience: Everyone
-Theme: New beginnings

Question 9

Difference between Exegesis, Eisegesis, and Hermeneutics?

Answer 9

*Exegesis:
-“Out of”
-Pulling information from what the Bible says
-learning what scripture means by reading what is actually there

*Eisegesis:
-“Into”
-Inserting our own ideas of what the Bible says

*Hermeneutics:
-“To interpret”
-asking: what would this have meant to the author? what would this have meant to the original reader it was meant for?

Question 10

Shroud of Turin? 3 theories on the Shroud?

Answer 10

*Shroud of Turin:
-a linen cloth (historic artifact)
-bears the image of crucified man (people believe it to be Jesus of Nazareth and that its the cloth wrapped around his crucified body) (its a hoax? its real?)

*3 theories:
1) Painting (by Leonardo Da Vinci, but it existed before he was alive)
2) Miraculous (it formed the moment Jesus resurrected as byproduct of the energy that was released)
3) Natural (chemical interaction between the cloth and the gas released from the decomposing body)

Question 11

Who is St.Paul? Why is he significant to development of Christianity? What’s his missionary work and motivations?

Answer 11

*BEFORE CONVERSION:
-was a Pharisee who persecuted the followers of Jesus
-previously called Saul

*CONVERSION:
-conversion took place on his road to Damascus: he was blinded, heard Jesus’ voice, for 3 days was without sight food or water
-his sight was healed by Ananias and he was baptized, converted to christianity, and given the name Paul

*AFTER CONVERSION/MISSIONARY WORK:
-did not begin his missionary work immediately- took 13 years after God called him for him to begin spreading the Gospel of Jesus
-Paul & Barnabas went to Antioch to spread the word of God
-wanted this word to reach Rome
-he created a community of Christians in every major city and then moved on from there as quickly as possible
-created a “church”
-wrote letters
-brought christianity to Europe

*MOTIVATIONS:
1) Christ (lived for Christ alone)
2) The Gospel (proud to preach the gospel)
3) Grace of God (even though Paul didnt deserve this calling, God gave him grace freely)

Question 12

What is Conversion? Characteristics?

Answer 12

*Conversion:
-not just “changing one’s mind”
-involves radical transformation of values/a “turning around”

*levels of conversion:
-intellectual level (an awareness & openness to truth and true knowing)
-moral level (recognizing yourself as free and responsible)
-religious level (one’s preoccupation with their self is taken over with love of God and love for others)

Question 13

How did christianity develop over time? 3 periods of christianity?

Answer 13

1) Jewish Christianity (AD 30-130):
-God had fulfilled the ancient promises made to Israel
-Church is not only for the perfect
-disciples first turned to the Jews
-parable of the weeds among wheat
-scandalous behaviour of the wealthy members of the community
-a time of great enthusiasm and joy
-Jereusalem as the starting point
-Church was forced to deal with presence of sinners in the community
-Each time another group of people was evangelized, it brought new challenges to the Church
-some sold everything to help the poor

2) Greek and European Christianity (AD 50-1963):
-dominated by Europe
-Constantine tries to link Christian Church with secular state
-Roman Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity
-refusal to accept any authority that couldn’t justify itself using reason (rationalism)
-Constantinople as the centre of the Eastern Church
-Popes struggled against power of emperor’s
-Protestant Reformation division between Catholic and Protestant Christians
-Church encounters a political Rome and cultural Greece
-raised a lot of ethical and theological questions

3) Global Christianity (1960-present):
-church to embrace a variety of cultural expressions
-a church that welcomes the immense diversity of people and culture
-Karl Rahner speaks of a true world Church
-becoming more global
-a church of solidarity where the global and local will be on constant interaction
-Church to embrace a great variety of cultural expression

Question 14

Church’s moral teachings?

Answer 14

1) Shapes moral character:
-The liturgy is the primary tool through which the church teaches
-Moral character requires more than ideas, it requires imagination
-The church is most effective through rituals, images, Bible, social outreach programs, etc.

2) Guards and maintains moral traditions:
-People carry out moral teaching
-Four moral groups carry out the Church’s moral tradition forwards
-Church helps us in the formation of conscience

3) A community of moral deliberation:
-Bishops and experts seek to stay tuned to moral climate of the time
-Ethical positions emerge in response to events in a community
-Church seeks to be a community where morality is discussed openly and freely

Question 15

What is the magisterium?

Answer 15

*magisterium:
-the teaching authority of the Catholic Church
-made up by the Pope, Cardinals, and Bishops
-communicates the Church’s position on ethical issues and guides ethical and moral thinking of the Church
-includes ordinary teaching of the pope in encyclicals and apostolic letters

Question 16

7 sacraments? 3 categories of sacraments? symbol for each sacrament?

Answer 16

*Sacraments of Initiation:
1) Baptism (water, light)
2) Eucharist (bread and wine)
3) Confirmation (oil, touch through laying on of hands)

*Sacraments of Healing:
4) Reconciliation/Penance (touch + confession)
5) Anointing of the sick (oil, laying on of hands)

*Sacraments of Vocation/Service:
6) Marriage (touch, ring, embrace)
7) Holy orders (Oil, laying on of hands)

Question 17

What are catholic social teachings? What do they call us to do collectively?

Answer 17

*Catholic social teachings:
-central to our faith
-based on our understanding of human life and dignity that we all deserve

*Themes:
1) Life and dignity of the human person
2) Call to family, community, and participation
3) Rights and responsibilities
4) Option for and with the poor and vulnerable
5) Dignity of work and rights of workers
6) Solidarity
7) Care for God’s creation

*They collectively call us to:
-work for the common good
-help build a just society
-uphold the dignity of human life
-support those near and far who need our help

Question 17

What’s a refugee? Difference bet. convention refugee and asylum seeker? How does solidarity help aid the refugee crisis?

Answer 17

*Refugee: a person who’s forced to flee from persecution and who is located outside of their home country

*Convention refugee: person outside their country of origin and has well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of religion, race, nationality, membership of particular social group, or political opinion
-status is given before arriving in desired destination

*Asylum seeker:
-person who has fled their country and is asking for protection in another country
-status is granted after entry into desired country or while waiting at border

-our solidarity across societies will power change and promote solutions and give refugees a chance to aspire to a better future

Question 18

How many people are said to be displaced in the world? Prior to 2022, 2/3 of refugees were coming from which 5 countries?

Answer 18

-70.8 million people are displaced in the world

1) Syria
2) Afghanistan
3) South Soudain
4) Myanmar
5) Somalia

Question 19

How does the parable of the Good Samaritan relate to the CST of Preferential Option for the Poor?

Answer 19

-The good Samaritan is all about helping who needs to be helped (putting aside dislikes and feeling toward person)
-The preferential option for the poor is all about how we help the most vulnerable in our society
-it doesn’t matter who the person is in front of us, we have a duty to help them (making sure the marginalized and oppressed have their basic needs met first)

Question 20

What is stewardship? what is ecological justice? what is diff. bet. Anthropocentrism and Theocentrism?

Answer 20

*Stewardship: rightful care of all creation as desired by God in the book of Genesis

*Ecological justice: Human beings are called to be just, and respectful for the integrity of creation and working to combat injustices that affect creation

*Anthropocentrism: considers the human being as the most significant entity in the universe (opposes Catholic worldview)

*Theocentrism: considers God to be the most significant entity in the universe

Question 21

Sin + diff types

Answer 21

*Sin:
-understood as refusal to do God’s will
-sin and its effects are visible everywhere
-we are born with tendency to self-centredness
-God is not the author of evil, humans are
-we eventually make conscious decision to accept and be a part of evil

*Types:
1) Venial:
-doesn’t completely separate us from God
-injures our relationship with him but doesn’t break it
-can lead to mortal sin

2) Mortal:
-complete break in our relationship with God
-3 conditions
-sin is grave in matter
-committed with full knowledge
-committed with deliberate consent

3) Personal:
-direct sin against another and weakens the relationship
-ex. lying, cheating, stealing

4) Social sin:
-has negative effect on many people
-ex. racism, bullying, pollution

5) Omission:
-failing to do what is right
-things you know you should do but dont anyway
-ex. failing to help someone in need

6) Commission:
-doing wrong
-things you know you shouldnt do but do anyway
-ex. theft, bullying, murder, swearing

Question 22

Forgiveness? What can it give us?

Answer 22

*Forgiveness:
-hardest teaching of Christianity
-not a matter of feeling but its a decision
-coupled with justice

-it can give us freedom

Question 23

how does faith impact ethics?

Answer 23

-faith provides a set of moral and ethical standards/principles that guide behaviour and decision-making of those that are a part of that faith
-people that are a part of a certain faith have certain values that have been taught to them through their religion, and that they want to live up to (kindness, caring, responsibility for others)
-for instance, Christian’s have the value of treating other’s as they would treat God, forgiving people, being kind, helping out one’s in need, etc.
-a faith provides guidelines of what is right and what is wrong, helping to guide individuals to make more morally sound decisions, giving them a sense of responsibility for their actions
-ex.10 commandments are a clear outline of do’s and don’ts (encourages righteous behaviour)
-ex. preferential option for the poor (caring for the most vulnerable and making sure their basic needs are met first)
-certain actions simply stem from those values and commandments that are taught (ex. preferrential option for the poor, doesnt state clearly BUILD HOSPITALS or DONATE TO CHARITY, its just naturally thought out)

1) shapes our idea of what to do and not to do (10 commandments)
2) shapes our values (preferential option of the poor)
3) what’s moral/immoral (covenant and not breaking your promise, moral teachings, catholic social teachings, stewardship)