Unit 2 Test

Question 1

What are the 4 layers of the earth?

Answer 1

• Crust
• Mantle
• Outer core
• Inner core

Question 2

What is continental drift?

Answer 2

The theory is that the continents have drifted/moved across the ocean over time.

Question 3

How is continental drift related to Pangea by Alfred Wegner.

Answer 3

Alfred Wegner came up with the theory that the earth’s continents were once all connected as one supercontinent. Overtime, continental drift caused the continents to drift apart.

Question 4

Forces that shape the Earth are processes that either:

Answer 4

Build up the earth
Or
Tear it down slowly

Question 5

What are the 7 major plates on Earth?

Answer 5

• North American Plate
• South American Plate
• Pacific Plate
• Eurasian Plate
• Australian Plate
• African Plate
• Antarctic Plate

Question 6

What are the convection currents in the mantle?

Answer 6

The most heated mantle material from deep inside the mantle rises while the cooler mantle material sinks closer to the middle.

Question 7

What are the 3 types of plate movement and what do they mean?

Answer 7

Divergent: plates move away from each other, causing earthquakes and the rise of magma, forming molten rock and creating new land.

Convergent: plates collide with each other and one plate slides beneath the other (subduction). This can result in earthquakes, volcanic activity, and formation of deep trenches

Transform: plates that slide past each other. This causes earthquakes and crustal deformation

Question 8

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 8

Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of other existing rock or organic material that are compressed into rock.

Question 9

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 9

Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have changed their original form by immense heat and/or pressure.

Question 10

How are igneous rocks formed

Answer 10

Igneous rocks are formed when molten hot material cools and solidifies.

Question 11

How do glaciers affect the landscape?

Answer 11

Glaciers melt and refreeze which weakens the rocks in and underneath them

Forces from the glacier’s weight press down on rocks beneath them

Glaciers break down rocks as they move

As glaciers move rocks away from their original place, it changes drainage patterns. This is called the erosional effect

Landscape carved by glacial meltwater is flat and good for agriculture

Question 12

What defines a continental climate?

Answer 12

Temperature range that is greater than 25°C, and less than 1000mm of precipitation

Question 13

Check page 50 for info on landforms

Question 14

What defines a maritime climate?

Answer 14

Close to water, temperature range that is less than 25°C, and more than 1000mm of rain

Question 15

What is the difference between determinism and possibilism?

Answer 15

Determinism is the theory that the physical environment determines society.

Possiblism is the theory that the environment gives possibilities for humans to adapt.

Question 16

Factors affecting climate can be remembered with L.O.W.E.R. NEAR WATER. What does each letter stand for?

Answer 16

L: Latitude (distance from the equator)
O:Ocean currents
W:Winds, air masses, jet streams
E: Elevation
R: Relief (windward side of mountain, leeward side of mountain)
Near water (water can affect temperature, even if not an ocean)

Question 17

Remember the landform regions

Answer 17

Use photos

Question 18

How do ocean currents affect climate?

Answer 18

Air masses that form over ocean currents take on the temperature of the ocean water in the current. So, when the wind moves towards land, it bring over ohta oceans temperature, affecting the climate.

Question 19

Why does the leeward side receive so much less precipitation than the windward side?

Answer 19

Warm air rises up the mountain, the water vapour goes up the windward side, condenses, and forms precipitation on the windward side. Now, there is only cool, dry air to move to the leeward side.